Quantifying Temperature Effects on Developmental Rate and Plant Quality of Compact Container-grown Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Mean daily temperature effects on plant development rates and quality were evaluated for compact container-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Compact tomato varieties ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ were grown in greenhouses at 18 to 26 °C (Experiment 1) and 20 to 30 °C (Experiment 2) under supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and 16-hour photoperiod. The number of days to first open flower, first ripe fruit, and from flower to ripe fruit were measured and development rates calculated by taking the reciprocal (e.g. 1/days). Temperature effects were predicted by fitting a linear (for first open flower) and a nonlinear exponential function (for first ripe fruit and between first open flower and ripe fruit) which included base temperature (Tmin) and maximum developmental rate (Rmax) parameters. Plant quality attributes were measured in Experiment 2. As temperature increased, the time to flower and fruit decreased (i.e. developmental rates increased) for both varieties. Estimated Tmin was 8.7 °C for ‘Siam’ and 11.4 °C for ‘Red Velvet’ whereas Rmax was similar between varieties (0.030 at fruit, and 0.037 from flower to fruit). ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ grown at ≈25 °C had a relatively short crop time, compact canopy, adequate fruit size, and a high number of fruits per plant at finish. Compact tomatoes are new crops being grown by greenhouse floriculture operations for ornamental and edible value, and the information from this study can help growers schedule these crops to meet critical market windows and determine the impacts of changing growing temperature on crop timing and quality

Quantifying Temperature Effects on Developmental Rate and Plant Quality of Compact Container-grown Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Mean daily temperature effects on plant development rates and quality were evaluated for compact container-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Compact tomato varieties ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ were grown in greenhouses at 18 to 26 °C (Experiment 1) and 20 to 30 °C (Experiment 2) under supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and 16-hour photoperiod. The number of days to first open flower, first ripe fruit, and from flower to ripe fruit were measured and development rates calculated by taking the reciprocal (e.g. 1/days). Temperature effects were predicted by fitting a linear (for first open flower) and a nonlinear exponential function (for first ripe fruit and between first open flower and ripe fruit) which included base temperature (Tmin) and maximum developmental rate (Rmax) parameters. Plant quality attributes were measured in Experiment 2. As temperature increased, the time to flower and fruit decreased (i.e. developmental rates increased) for both varieties. Estimated Tmin was 8.7 °C for ‘Siam’ and 11.4 °C for ‘Red Velvet’ whereas Rmax was similar between varieties (0.030 at fruit, and 0.037 from flower to fruit). ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ grown at ≈25 °C had a relatively short crop time, compact canopy, adequate fruit size, and a high number of fruits per plant at finish. Compact tomatoes are new crops being grown by greenhouse floriculture operations for ornamental and edible value, and the information from this study can help growers schedule these crops to meet critical market windows and determine the impacts of changing growing temperature on crop timing and quality

A history of the Royal Academy schools from 1837 to 1878

This thesis follows on from my previous one. I have accepted the same brief, and have attempted to investigate very fully the history of, and conditions in, the Academy Schools for a further forty years. It is intended to be a reference book, and it is therefore set out in such a way that information can be readily attained. The three Presidencies are dealt with separately, and in each account there is a section on routine happenings - drawn from Minutes of Council, General Assembly, and other Academy records. (Perhaps I should explain that though I use a chronological basis here, and deal with each year in turn, I do not treat of events within the year in a purely chronological way. Within the year I have tried to keep to topics. Within the topic, naturally, I have kept to a chronological sequence). This section is followed by one covering other information for the Presidency period. In this I have made some attempt to 'put flesh on the bones' by including reminiscences, impressions, and anecdotes from contemporary sources when these bear upon the Schools or the students. Further, the happenings of the Academy and Schools are placed against the background of wider events. Much was taking place in education, for example, which clearly affected these South Kensington and the national Art Schools, so very active during the period, were a challenge or a stimulation, or both. In this I have tried to avoid the charge of being too diffuse: manifestly, however, one must not be too parochial. It is hoped that a correct balance is attained. Appendices, which are referred to in the text, give 'fringe information', and a very full index covers the text. Original spellings and punctuation are preserved in the extracts

Quantifying Temperature Effects on Development Rate and Plant Quality of Compact Container-grown Tomato

Mean daily temperature effects on plant development rates and quality were evaluated for compact container-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Compact tomato varieties ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ were grown in greenhouses at 18 to 26 °C (Expt. 1) and 20 to 30 °C (Expt. 2) under supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting and 16-h photoperiod. The number of days to first open flower, first ripe fruit and from flower to ripe fruit were measured and development rates calculated by taking the reciprocal (e.g., 1/d). Temperature effects were predicted by fitting a linear (for first open flower) and a nonlinear exponential function (for first ripe fruit and between first open flower and ripe fruit), which included base temperature (Tmin) and maximum developmental rate (Rmax, 1/d) parameters. Plant quality attributes were measured in Expt. 2. As temperature increased, the time to flower and fruit decreased (i.e., developmental rates increased) for both varieties. Estimated Tmin was 8.7 °C for ‘Siam’ and 11.4 °C for ‘Red Velvet’, whereas Rmax was similar between cultivars (0.030 at fruit and 0.037 from flower to fruit). ‘Siam’ and ‘Red Velvet’ grown at ≈25 °C had a relatively short crop time, compact canopy, adequate fruit size, and a high number of fruits per plant at finish. Compact tomatoes are new crops being grown by greenhouse floriculture operations for ornamental and edible value, and the information from this study can help growers schedule these crops to meet critical market windows and determine the impacts of changing growing temperature on crop timing and quality

‘’It takes me half a bottle of whisky to get through one of your assignments’’: Exploring one teacher educators personal experiences of dyslexia’

This article uses a life history approach to explore personal experiences of dyslexia of one higher education lecturer and its impact on her professional identity. The informant is currently employed as a lecturer of initial teacher training in a UK university. She worked as a primary school teacher for over a decade prior to embarking on an academic career in teacher education. The informant draws on her own experiences as a pupil, teacher and lecturer and additionally she presents accounts of student teachers with dyslexia drawn from her current professional context. Although the data is not generalisable, the account nevertheless illustrates the positive impact of the social model of disability for the informant and her students who had been identified as dyslexic during their in initial training as teachers. Additionally, the account also illustrates the ways in which teachers’ personal experiences of dyslexia can shape professional identities in very positive ways. Implications for both teacher training and pedagogic approaches in schools to support learners with dyslexia are drawn out of the narrative

Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. I: models with either radiative or mechanical feedback but not both

The importance of the radiative feedback from SMBHs at the centers of elliptical galaxies is not in doubt, given the well established relations among electromagnetic output, black hole mass and galaxy optical luminosity. In addition, feedback due to mechanical and thermal deposition of energy from jets and winds emitted by the accretion disk around the central SMBH is also expected to occur. In this paper we improve and extend the accretion and feedback physics explored in our previous papers to include also a physically motivated mechanical feedback. We study the evolution of an isolated elliptical galaxy with the aid of a high-resolution 1-D hydrodynamical code, where the cooling and heating functions include photoionization and Compton effects, and restricting to models which include only radiative or only mechanical feedback. We confirm that for Eddington ratios above 0.01 both the accretion and radiative output are forced by feedback effects to be in burst mode, so that strong intermittencies are expected at early times, while at low redshift the explored models are characterized by smooth, very sub-Eddington mass accretion rates punctuated by rare outbursts. However, the explored models always fail some observational tests. If we assume the high mechanical efficiency of 10^{-2.3}, we find that most of the gas is ejected from the galaxy, the resulting X-ray luminosity is far less than is typically observed and little SMBH growth occurs. But models with low enough mechanical efficiency to accomodate satisfactory SMBH growth tend to allow too strong cooling flows and leave galaxies at z=0 with E+A spectra more frequently than is observed. We conclude that both types of feedback are required. Models with combined feedback are explored in a forthcoming paper [abridged]Comment: 42 pages, 4 figures (low resolution), ApJ accepte

Design of an Intervention to Minimize Ingestion of Fecal Microbes by Young Children in Rural Zimbabwe.

We sought to develop a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention to minimize fecal-oral transmission among children aged 0-18 months in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial. We undertook 4 phases of formative research, comprising in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, behavior trials, and a combination of observations and microbiological sampling methods. The resulting WASH intervention comprises material inputs and behavior change communication to promote stool disposal, handwashing with soap, water treatment, protected exploratory play, and hygienic infant feeding. Nurture and disgust were found to be key motivators, and are used as emotional triggers. The concept of a safe play space for young children was particularly novel, and families were eager to implement this after learning about the risks of unprotected exploratory play. An iterative process of formative research was essential to create a sequenced and integrated longitudinal intervention for a SHINE household as it expects (during pregnancy) and then cares for a new child

Evanescent Wave Fiber Optic Biosensor for Salmonella Detection in Food

Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen of world-wide concern. Sensitive and rapid detection methods to assess product safety before retail distribution are highly desirable. Since Salmonella is most commonly associated with poultry products, an evanescent wave fiber-optic assay was developed to detect Salmonella in shell egg and chicken breast and data were compared with a time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assay. Anti-Salmonella polyclonal antibody was immobilized onto the surface of an optical fiber using biotin-avidin interactions to capture Salmonella. Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated antibody (MAb 2F-11) was used as the reporter. Detection occurred when an evanescent wave from a laser (635 nm) excited the Alexa Fluor and the fluorescence was measured by a laser-spectrofluorometer at 710 nm. The biosensor was specific for Salmonella and the limit of detection was established to be 103 cfu/mL in pure culture and 104 cfu/mL with egg and chicken breast samples when spiked with 102 cfu/mL after 2–6 h of enrichment. The results indicate that the performance of the fiber-optic sensor is comparable to TRF, and can be completed in less than 8 h, providing an alternative to the current detection methods

The Odyssey of Dental Anxiety: From Prehistory to the Present. A Narrative Review

Dental anxiety (DA) can be considered as a universal phenomenon with a high prevalence worldwide; DA and pain are also the main causes for medical emergencies in the dental office, so their prevention is an essential part of patient safety and overall quality of care. Being DA and its consequences closely related to the fight-or-flight reaction, it seems reasonable to argue that the odyssey of DA began way back in the distant past, and has since probably evolved in parallel with the development of fight-or-flight reactions, implicit memory and knowledge, and ultimately consciousness. Basic emotions are related to survival functions in an inseparable psychosomatic unity that enable an immediate response to critical situations rather than generating knowledge, which is why many anxious patients are unaware of the cause of their anxiety. Archeological findings suggest that humans have been surprisingly skillful and knowledgeable since prehistory. Neanderthals used medicinal plants; and relics of dental tools bear witness to a kind of Neolithic proto-dentistry. In the two millennia BC, Egyptian and Greek physicians used both plants (such as papaver somniferum) and incubation (a forerunner of modern hypnosis, e.g., in the sleep temples dedicated to Asclepius) in the attempt to provide some form of therapy and painless surgery, whereas modern scientific medicine strongly understated the role of subjectivity and mind-body approaches until recently. DA has a wide range of causes and its management is far from being a matter of identifying the ideal sedative drug. A patient's proper management must include assessing his/her dental anxiety, ensuring good communications, and providing information (iatrosedation), effective local anesthesia, hypnosis, and/or a wise use of sedative drugs where necessary. Any weak link in this chain can cause avoidable suffering, mistrust, and emergencies, as well as having lifelong psychological consequences. Iatrosedation and hypnosis are no less relevant than drugs and should be considered as primary tools for the management of DA. Unlike pharmacological sedation, they allow to help patients cope with the dental procedure and also overcome their anxiety: achieving the latter may enable them to face future dental care autonomously, whereas pharmacological sedation can only afford a transient respite

Temporary Electrostatic Impairment of DNA Recognition: Light‐Driven DNA Binding of Peptide Dimers

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jiménez‐Balsa, A. , Pazos, E. , Martínez‐Albardonedo, B. , Mascareñas, J. L. and Vázquez, M. E. (2012), Temporary Electrostatic Impairment of DNA Recognition: Light‐Driven DNA Binding of Peptide Dimers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51: 8825-8829, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201201627. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsAppending negatively charged Glu8 tails to a peptide dimer derived from the GCN4 transcription factor leads to an effective suppression of its DNA binding. The specific DNA recognition can be restored by irradiation with UV light by using a photolabile linker between the acidic tail and the DNA binding peptideConsolider Ingenio. Grant Numbers: SAF2010‐20822‐C02, CTQ2009‐14431/BQU, CSD2007‐00006 Xunta de Galicia. Grant Numbers: INCITE09 209 084PR, PGIDIT08CSA‐047209PR, GRC2010/12 MINECOS