20 research outputs found
On the Road in Eighteenth-century China
Focused on travelers’ experience, this project examines how increased travel challenged the existing conventions and social structures in Qing China and how the state and society successfully sought and found creative and workable ways to acclimatize itself to the new social realities. Working with an array of sources, including commercial travel guides, travelogues, local gazetteers, maps, and litigation records, this dissertation elucidates the challenges that increased travel posed to eighteenth-century Chinese society, whose laws and conventions had favored sedentary ways of living as demanded by agriculture. A marked increase in traffic throughout the country produced a new set of social norms and values that we might think of as “early modern,” in the sense that active participation by individuals in the broader and broader circulation of bodies, goods, and information is a hallmark of that era. The various stakeholders in this transitional process negotiated compromises that required the system to accommodate change in order to continue to function effectively. In this constant flux of give and take, the state and its local officials worked to find common ground with individual travelers, the producers of travel guides, and travel service providers to maintain society's integrity and coherence and ensure more or less that everyone’s needs were met
Data_Sheet_1_A study on the impact of health shocks on subjective wellbeing of middle-aged people and older adults—Evidence from China.pdf
IntroductionThe health issues that afflict middle-aged people and older individuals are a significant factor that affects their quality of life. It is crucial to investigate the impact of health shocks on the subjective wellbeing of this demographic and the mechanisms that underlie this impact to promote healthy aging.MethodsThis study utilized data from the China Family Panel Study in 2018 and 2020 to analyze the effects of HSs and their categories on the subjective wellbeing of middle-aged people and older individuals using the propensity score matching difference-in-differences method. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of social participation.ResultsThe findings indicate that health shocks, both chronic and acute, diminish the subjective wellbeing of middle-aged people and older adults. Furthermore, these shocks have a more significant negative effect on the subjective wellbeing of individuals aged 60 and above, women in the middle-aged and older demographic, individuals in rural areas who belong to the middle-aged and older age groups, and individuals possessing activities of daily living. The mechanism analysis revealed that health shocks, both chronic and acute, reduce the subjective wellbeing of middle-aged people and older individuals by disrupting partnerships.DiscussionLowering the possibility of health shocks, the government should build a strong health management system and improve the health insurance system to enable timely treatment for persons suffering from health shocks. Individuals and families should live healthy lives and engage in social activities to avoid health shocks and improve subjective wellbeing.</p
FTIR spectra of CS and CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers with different grafting degrees.
<p>FTIR spectra of CS and CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers with different grafting degrees.</p
Fluorescence images of HEp-2 cells exposed to the polyplexes (N/P = 6) after transfection of 24 h.
<p>(a) CS/pDNA, (b) CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-0.9/pDNA, (c) CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-1.8/pDNA, (d) CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-4.5/pDNA, (e) CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-9.0/pDNA, (f) PEI-1.8/pDNA and (g) PEI-25, using pGFP-N2 as report gene. Relative quantitative GFP expression efficiency of polyplexes was shown (h).</p
Grafting PEI-1.8 to CS via CDI to synthesize CS-<i>g</i>-PEI in [BMIM]Ac.
<p>Grafting PEI-1.8 to CS via CDI to synthesize CS-<i>g</i>-PEI in [BMIM]Ac.</p
Buffering capacity in 150 mM NaCl solutions.
<p>NaCl blank (⬟), CS (■), CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-0.9 (+), CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-1.8 (▲), CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-4.5 (▼), CS-<i>g</i>-PEI-9.0 (◆), PEI-1.8 (★) and PEI-25 (●).</p
<sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of CS and CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers with different grafting degrees.
<p><sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of CS and CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers with different grafting degrees.</p
Molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>) of CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers measured by GPC.
<p>Molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>) of CS-<i>g</i>-PEI copolymers measured by GPC.</p
Ionic liquid anions hydrogen-bonding with ammonium ions in the activated complex.
<p>(a) activated complex of CS and CDI, (b) activated complex of PEI and CS-CDI intermediate.</p
Buffering capacity of CS, CS-g-PEI copolymers, PEI-1.8 and PEI-25 measured by acid-base titration.
<p>Buffering capacity of CS, CS-g-PEI copolymers, PEI-1.8 and PEI-25 measured by acid-base titration.</p