Understanding the local sustainable economic development from new “3D” perspective: Case of Hainan Island

This paper proposes a new T-3D measurement framework for calculating tourism economic space and as a tool able to assist in determining the sustainability of tourism development. The T-3D framework is described as a tourism-specific version of the Density, Distance, Division (3D) framework. Tourism economic concentration, level of integration and the degree of specialization are used to provide a touristic interpretation of density, distance and division. Taking Hainan Province as an example, this paper outlines the T-3D characteristics of tourism economic space. The results show that Hainan Province has large differences in the distribution of the tourism economy. In addition to the spatial division of the tourism economy, the spatial density and distance of the tourism economy are basically consistent in value. Further, the spatial density and division of the tourism economy exhibits a dual-core based on the cities of Sanya and Haikou, and the spatial distance of the tourism economy exhibits “core-peripheral” characteristics. The tourism economic space shows that the highest agglomeration based on T-3D characteristics occurs in the east followed by the west with the lowest agglomeration in the middle of the province. Using empirical analysis, the validity of the T-3D analysis system of the tourism economic space is verified and this is more conducive to improving the competitiveness of the tourism industry and promoting sustainable tourism development

Engineering Arsenic Tolerance and Hyperaccumulation in Plants for Phytoremediation by a <i>PvACR3</i> Transgenic Approach

Arsenic (As) pollution is a global problem, and the plant-based cleanup of contaminated soils, called phytoremediation, is therefore of great interest. Recently, transgenic approaches have been designed to develop As phytoremediation technologies. Here, we used a one-gene transgenic approach for As tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PvACR3, a key arsenite [As­(III)] antiporter in the As hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata, was expressed in Arabidopsis, driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. In response to As treatment, <i>PvACR3</i> transgenic plants showed greatly enhanced tolerance. <i>PvACR3</i> transgenic seeds could even germinate and grow in the presence of 80 μM As­(III) or 1200 μM arsenate [As­(V)] treatments that were lethal to wild-type seeds. PvACR3 localizes to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis and increases arsenite efflux into external medium in short-term experiments. Arsenic determination showed that PvACR3 substantially reduced As concentrations in roots and simultaneously increased shoot As under 150 μM As­(V). When cultivated in As­(V)-containing soil (10 ppm As), transgenic plants accumulated approximately 7.5-fold more As in above-ground tissues than wild-type plants. This study provides important insights into the behavior of PvACR3 and the physiology of As metabolism in plants. Our work also provides a simple and practical <i>PvACR3</i> transgenic approach for engineering As-tolerant and -hyperaccumulating plants for phytoremediation

Additional file 1: of ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member1 gene mutation improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Figure S1: ABCA1-C69T polymorphism and diabetes mellitus in a dominant model. (TIF 514 kb

Additional file 2: of ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member1 gene mutation improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Figure S2: ABCA1-C69T polymorphism and diabetes mellitus in a recessive model. (TIF 33 kb

Additional file 4: of ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member1 gene mutation improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Figure S4: ABCA1-R230C C allele mutation and diabetes mellitus. (TIF 33 kb

Additional file 3: of ATP-binding cassette sub-family a member1 gene mutation improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Figure S3: ABCA1-R230C T allele mutation and diabetes mellitus. (TIF 33 kb