Galactic Phylogenetics

Phylogenetics is a widely used concept in evolutionary biology. It is the reconstruction of evolutionary history by building trees that represent branching patterns and sequences. These trees represent shared history, and it is our intention for this approach to be employed in the analysis of Galactic history. In Galactic archaeology the shared environment is the interstellar medium in which stars form and provides the basis for tree-building as a methodological tool. Using elemental abundances of solar-type stars as a proxy for DNA, we built in Jofre et al 2017 such an evolutionary tree to study the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood. In this proceeding we summarise these results and discuss future prospects.Comment: Contribution to IAU Symposium No. 334: Rediscovering our Galax

Details of quality assessment by the QUADAS tool.

<p>138 patients with conflicting results from LUS and CR were further studied with chest CT scan in all included studies. The LUS was 0.93 (0.86–0.97) sensitive and 0.72 (0.54–0.86) specific, with a pooled DOR of 24.56 (8.45 to 71.37) and an AUC of 0.901(SE, 0.036). In comparison, CR had a sensitivity of 0.54 (0.44–0.63), a specificity of 0.57 (0.39 to 0.74), a pooled DOR of 1.73 (0.42–7.10), and an AUC was 0.590(SE, 0.117), Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130066#pone.0130066.g003" target="_blank">3</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130066#pone.0130066.g004" target="_blank">4</a>. The Z statistic between LUS and CR of these two sROC curves was 3.093 (P = 0.002).</p><p>Details of quality assessment by the QUADAS tool.</p

Accuracy of Lung Ultrasonography versus Chest Radiography for the Diagnosis of Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is being increasingly utilized in emergency and critical settings. We performed a systematic review of the current literature to compare the accuracy of LUS and chest radiography (CR) for the diagnosis of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We searched in Pub Med, EMBASE dealing with both LUS and CR for diagnosis of adult CAP, and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in comparison with CR. The diagnostic standard that the index test compared was the hospital discharge diagnosis or the result of chest computed tomography scan as a “gold standard”. We calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity using the Mantel-Haenszel method and pooled diagnostic odds ratio using the DerSimonian-Laird method. Five articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Using hospital discharge diagnosis as reference, LUS had a pooled sensitivity of 0.95 (0.93-0.97) and a specificity of 0.90 (0.86 to 0.94), CR had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (0.73 to 0.80) and a specificity of 0.91 (0.87 to 0.94). LUS and CR compared with computed tomography scan in 138 patients in total, the Z statistic of the two summary receiver operating characteristic was 3.093 (P = 0.002), the areas under the curve for LUS and CR were 0.901 and 0.590, respectively. Our study indicates that LUS can help to diagnosis adult CAP by clinicians and the accuracy was better compared with CR using chest computed tomography scan as the gold standard.</p></div

Flow chart for study selection.

<p>Flow chart for study selection.</p

The characteristics of included studies.

<p>CR = chest radiography; FN = false negative; FP = false positive; LUS = lung ultrasonography; Pre. (%) = Prevalence of pneumonia. P = Poster-anterior; L = Lateral; P+L = Poster-anterior/Lateral; TN = true negative; TP = true positive.</p><p>The characteristics of included studies.</p

The summary receiver operating characteristic of lung ultrasonography and chest radiography for the detection of pneumonia compared with computed tomography scan.

<p>AUC: areas under the curve; CR: chest radiography; LUS: lung ultrasonography; sROC: summary receiver operating characteristic.</p

Forest plot for pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of lung ultrasonography (a, b, c) and chest radiography (d, e, f) for the detection of pneumonia compared with chest computed tomography diagnosis.

<p>Forest plot for pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of lung ultrasonography (a, b, c) and chest radiography (d, e, f) for the detection of pneumonia compared with chest computed tomography diagnosis.</p

FECG extraction using the proposed framework on PCDB data.

(c) a sample from “a25” channel-1 and (d) a sample from “a44” channel-1. All signals are normalized for better observation.</p

Schematic diagram of our proposed network.

Schematic diagram of our proposed network.</p

The statistical results of different methods on the PCDB.

The statistical results of different methods on the PCDB.</p