Band selection in Sentinel-2 satellite for agriculture applications

Various indices are used for assessing vegetation and soil properties in satellite remote sensing applications. Some indices, such as NDVI and NDWI, are defined based on the sensitivity and significance of specific bands. Nowadays, remote sensing capability with a good number of bands and high spatial resolution is available. Instead of classification based on indices, this paper explores direct classification using selected bands. Recently launched Sentinel-2A is adopted as a case study. Three methods are compared, where the first approach utilizes traditional indices and the latter two approaches adopt specific bands (Red, NIR, and SWIR) and full bands of on-board sensors, respectively. It is shown that a better classification performance can be achieved by directly using the three selected bands compared with the one using indices, while the use of all 13 bands can further improve the performance. Therefore, it is recommended the new approach can be applied for Sentinel-2A image analysis and other wide applications

Być dzieckiem we współczesnej Polsce – szkic demograficzny

The binding sites of circLARP4 with miRNAs. a Schematic representation of potential binding sites of miRNAs with circLARP4. b The effects of miR-424 mimic or inhibitor on the expression level of circLARP4 in HCG-27 or MKN-28 cell line indicated by qRT-PCR. c The binding sites of wild type or mutant circLARP4 3’UTR with miR-424.-5p. d qRT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of LATS1 and YAP after transfection with circLARP4 + miR-424 in HGC-27 cells or si-circLARP4 + miR-424 inhibitor in MKN-28 cells. e the luciferase activity of wild type LATS1 3’UTR was examined by co-transfection with miR-424 mimic + circLARP4 in HGC-27 cells. f the luciferase activity of wild type LATS1 3’UTR was detected by co-transfection with miR-424 inhibitor + si-circLARP4 in MKN-28 cells. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. (PDF 2681 kb

Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in modern and contemporary dancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PDF

BackgroundA large number of studies have found that the musculoskeletal injury of modern and contemporary dancers has a high incidence. Previous publications have indicated that there are many potential factors that are related to dancing injury; however, they have not been proven, and even some data are conflicting in different research.ResultsThe search yielded 18 prospective studies reporting on professional and pre-professional modern or contemporary dancers from companies and schools. The prevalence of modern and contemporary dancers was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74~0.90). The injury proportion of trauma, overuse, ankle and foot, lower extremity, joint and ligaments, muscle and tendons, and time-loss were 0.40, 0.26, 0.49, 0.34, 0.33, and 0.29 in the total number of injuries. There was no evidence of a significant difference in sex, age, and education program. The factors of BMI and injury history achieved statistical significance, and the p-values were less than 0.01.ConclusionBased on the results of this article, BMI and injury history may be risk factors for injury in contemporary and modern dancers. Modern and contemporary dancers have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Lower extremity injuries are the most common in the whole body, with injuries to the foot and ankle being more frequent. The mechanism of injury is mostly overuse injury, and the injured tissues are mostly muscle tendons and joint ligaments.</p

Synthesis of thermal and photo dual-responsive amphiphilic random copolymer via atom transfer radical polymerization and its control release of doxorubicin

<p>Dual-responsive amphiphilic random copolymer containing tri(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (MEO₃MA) and 1′-(2-acryloxyethyl)-3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro-(2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline) (SPMA) was successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The temperature and photo dual stimuli-responsive behaviors were investigated by lower critical solution temperature testing and UV–Vis absorption spectra, and their self-assembly morphology at various conditions was observed via TEM. The accumulative release of doxorubicin at all the conditions increased with the prolonging dialysis time, and it attained the highest value when the two chain segments of the copolymer underwent their hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition (50°C and UV light irradiation).</p

Dual-Functional Emulsifying/Antifogging Coumarin-Containing Polymeric Micelle

Dual-functional emulsifying/antifogging polymeric micelles have been prepared by the self-assembly of poly­(2-(dimethylamino)­ethyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-methyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-7-acryloxy-4-methylcoumarin) P­(DMAEMA-<i>co</i>-MMA-<i>co</i>-AOM). On one hand, the polymeric micelles have spherical morphology and exhibit triple responsive behaviors. The sample with the DMAEMA/MMA/AOM molar ratio of 5/3/3 (T2) is chosen to investigate the influence of pH on the emulsifying performance, and the configuration of polymeric micelles on the oil/water interface is investigated. The amount of micelles arranged on the surface of solidified polymerized beads gradually decreases as the pH changes from 12 to 5, and then total phase separation and demulsification occur at pH 3. On the other hand, we prepare an effective antifogging coating by forming an interchain network (ICN) resulting from self-assembled micelles and photo-cross-linked coumarin units. The ICN-T2 coating can not only absorb water vapor rapidly but also avoid excessive swelling of the amphiphilic terpolymer, thus leading to excellent antifogging performance. To the best of our knowledge, the photo-cross-linkable coumarin derivative is first introduced into an antifogging polymer coating at the molecular level, successfully avoiding the use of chemical cross-linking agents. The coumarin-containing polymeric micelle may be applied in many industrial processes and will provide new insight into the interface or surface property of macromolecular materials

Enhanced Methane Production from Food Waste Using Cysteine To Increase Biotransformation of l‑Monosaccharide, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Biohydrogen

The enhancement of two-stage anaerobic digestion of polysaccharide-enriched food waste by the addition of cysteinean oxygen scavenger, electron mediator, and nitrogen sourceto the acidification stage was reported. It was found that in the acidification stage the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which mainly consisted of acetate, butyrate, and propionate, was increased by 49.3% at a cysteine dosage of 50 mg/L. Although some cysteine was biodegraded in the acidification stage, the VFA derived from cysteine was negligible. In the methanogenesis stage, the biotransformations of both VFA and biohydrogen to methane were enhanced, and the methane yield was improved by 43.9%. The mechanisms study showed that both d-glucose and l-glucose (the model monosaccharides) were detectable in the hydrolysis product, and the addition of cysteine remarkably increased the acidification of l-glucose, especially acetic acid and hydrogen generation, due to key enzymes involved in l-glucose metabolism being enhanced. Cysteine also improved the activity of homoacetogens by 34.8% and hydrogenotrophic methanogens by 54%, which might be due to the electron transfer process being accelerated. This study provided an alternative method to improve anaerobic digestion performance and energy recovery from food waste

Additional file 1 of Effect of mindfulness-based interventions on people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Additional file 1. Supplementary Material

High expression of <i>PVT1</i> is associated with poor OS in patients with primary uveal melanoma.

<p><b>A-B</b>. Kaplan-Meier curves of OS in uveal melanoma patients grouped by the median <i>PVT1</i> expression (A) or <i>PVT1</i> methylation (B).</p

The association between DNA amplification/methylation and <i>PVT1</i> expression in skin cutaneous melanoma.

<p><b>A</b>. Heatmap of <i>PVT1</i> copy number alterations, <i>PVT1</i> RNA expression and <i>PVT1</i> DNA methylation in 368 metastatic skin melanoma cases and in 103 primary skin melanoma cases. <b>B</b>. Bar chart of <i>PVT1</i> expression in high-amplification (2), amplification (1), no change (0) and heterozygous loss (-1) groups. <b>C</b>. Regression analysis of the correlation between <i>PVT1</i> RNA expression and DNA methylation.</p

Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazolidine-2,4-dione (Hydantoin) through Tf₂O‑Mediated Dual Activation of Boc-Protected Dipeptidyl Compounds

Highly substituted chiral hydantoins were readily synthesized from simple dipeptides in a single step under mild conditions. This reaction proceeded through the dual activation of an amide and a <i>tert</i>-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting group by Tf₂O-pyridine. This method was successfully applied in the preparation of a variety of biologically active compounds, including drug analogs and natural products