Pruning, cut trees, and the reconstruction problem

We consider a pruning of the inhomogeneous continuum random trees, as well as the cut trees that encode the genealogies of the fragmentations that come with the pruning. We propose a new approach to the reconstruction problem, which has been treated for the Brownian CRT in [Electron. J. Probab. vol 22, 2017] and for the stable trees in [Ann. IHP B, vol 55, 2019]. Our approach does not rely upon self-similarity and can potentially apply to general Lévy trees as well.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of exercise on vascular function in hypertension patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.docx

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension.MethodsA systematic review of articles retrieved via the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases was conducted. All the randomized controlled trials published between the establishment of the databases and October 2022 were included. Studies that evaluated the effects of exercise intervention on vascular function in patients with pre- and hypertension were selected.ResultsA total of 717 subjects were included in 12 randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis showed that in patients with pre- and hypertension, exercise can significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD = –4.89; 95% CI, –7.05 to –2.73; P ConclusionAerobic, resistance, and high-intensity intermittent exercise all significantly improved SBP, DBP, and FMD in pre- and hypertensive patients, however, they were not effective in reducing PWV, and this effect was independent of the subject’s medication status, baseline SBP, age and duration of intervention.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022302646.</p

Community Composition and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in Sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and its Adjacent Area in the East China Sea

<p>Community composition and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were investigated using ammonia monooxygenase α subunit (<i>amoA</i>) in sediments from the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent area in the East China Sea (ECS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), clone libraries and sequencing were performed to characterize the AOA community. Clone libraries analysis showed that the majority of <i>amoA</i> sequences fell within the <i>Nitrosopumilus</i> cluster. Correlation analysis showed that AOA diversity was closely related to the nitrite concentration, which was consistent with the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) where a significant association between nitrite and AOA community composition was observed. The qPCR results were found to be significantly correlated with the environmental parameters. In the gravity cores, a significant positive correlation was found between ammonium concentrations and <i>amoA</i> gene copy numbers from different sediment depths at station S31. At station S33, however, ammonium concentration had a negative correlation and nitrite concentration had a positive correlation with <i>amoA</i> gene copy numbers. In the surface sediments, chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration had a negative correlation and nitrate concentration had a positive correlation with <i>amoA</i> gene copy numbers. Compared <i>amoA</i> gene copy numbers from AOA with those from ammonia-oxidizing β-proteobacteria (β-AOB) in the same studied areas, the <i>amoA</i> gene copy ratio of β-AOB to AOA was negatively correlated with the phosphate concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration, but was not significantly correlated with either ammonium concentrations or salinity. Our data provided valuable information to achieve a better understanding of the potential role of ammonia oxidizers at the interface between terrestrial and marine environments.</p

Process Simulations of CO₂ Desorption in the Interaction between the Novel Direct Steam Stripping Process and Solvents

Intensive energy consumption is one of the major challenges for large-scale implementation of amine-based CO₂ chemical absorption processes. The study of diverse typical solvents in a novel process can effectively exploit the potential of energy saving to the utmost. This work focuses on the optimization of a novel direct steam stripping process using three typical solvents, monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and piperazine (PZ). A rate-based model was established to investigate the regeneration process. The direct steam stripping process exhibits 20–30% reduction in energy penalty for different solvents. Detailed information on the concentration and pressure profiles along the stripping column was presented in the direct steam stripping process. There is a strong flash process at the top of the column, which results in an enormous reduction of the latent heat. Therefore, using MEA as the absorbent shows the best performance on reducing energy penalty as a result of its best property of vapor–liquid equilibrium at high CO₂ loading. Capacity and size variations of absorber and heat exchangers were also analyzed to evaluate the influence on primary devices in the new process. The relatively lower CO₂ loading of the lean solvents can result in a significant decrease of the packing height of the absorber, which would achieve a 31% reduction in the packing height for AMP solvent, hence alleviating the high initial investment of the whole process

Altered histone acetylation in <i>arid1-1</i>.

<p>(A) Expanded pattern of histone acetylation signal in <i>arid1-1</i> by immunofluorescence analysis. Mature pollen from wild type and <i>arid1-1</i> plants was incubated with anti-H3 (control) and anti-H3K9ac antibodies. Representative examples for <i>arid1-1</i> show histone acetylation in the vegetative nucleus (indicated by white arrowheads). 50–100 pollen grains for each genotype were examined. (B) Reduced histone acetylation at the <i>DUO1</i> promoter in the <i>arid1-1</i> mutant by ChIP. Inflorescences from wild type and <i>arid1-1</i> were used for a ChIP assay with anti-H3, anti-H3K9ac, and anti-H3K4me3 antibodies. ChIP-DNA was used for PCR by amplifying 35 cycles for both <i>EIF4A1</i> (negative control) and the <i>DUO1_3</i> fragment, which bound ARID1. Similar results were obtained from three independent biological replicates; the results shown are from one replicate.</p

Specific expression of <i>ARID1</i> in pollen and disruption of <i>ARID1</i> results in defective sperm cell formation.

<p>(A) Expression of <i>ARID1</i> by RT-PCR. Ro, roots; Se, seedlings; Le, leaves; Cf, closed flower buds; Of, open flowers; Pi, unpollinated pistils; Po, mature pollen; Si, siliques. The RT (−) control PCR was performed with <i>UBQ5</i> primers. (B) Representative siliques of WT and <i>arid1-1</i> and complementation test. Undeveloped ovules are indicated with arrows. (C) Percentage of normal seeds (dark grey), aborted seeds (lighter grey), and undeveloped ovules (lightest grey) from self-pollinated plants are shown. Error bars represent standard deviation from the mean. (D) Seed set analysis in antisense <i>ARID1</i> transgenic plants. Numbers in the bottom row represent individual T1 lines, and the corresponding numbers in the top row indicate the percentage of reduced seed set in each line. The gel shows the expression of <i>ARID1</i> as assessed by RT-PCR analysis. (E) Distribution of unicellular microspores (UM, lightest grey), bicellular pollen (BP, lighter grey), and tricellular pollen (TP, dark grey) in mature anthers. At least 600 pollen grains were stained with DAPI and used for statistical analysis; Error bars represent standard deviation from the mean.</p

An ARID Domain-Containing Protein within Nuclear Bodies Is Required for Sperm Cell Formation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

<div><p>In plants, each male meiotic product undergoes mitosis, and then one of the resulting cells divides again, yielding a three-celled pollen grain comprised of a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. Several genes have been found to act in this process, and <i>DUO1</i> (<i>DUO POLLEN 1</i>), a transcription factor, plays a key role in sperm cell formation by activating expression of several germline genes. But how <i>DUO1</i> itself is activated and how sperm cell formation is initiated remain unknown. To expand our understanding of sperm cell formation, we characterized an ARID (<u>A</u>T-<u>R</u>ich <u>I</u>nteracting <u>D</u>omain)-containing protein, ARID1, that is specifically required for sperm cell formation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. ARID1 localizes within nuclear bodies that are transiently present in the generative cell from which sperm cells arise, coincident with the timing of <i>DUO1</i> activation. An <i>arid1</i> mutant and antisense <i>arid1</i> plants had an increased incidence of pollen with only a single sperm-like cell and exhibited reduced fertility as well as reduced expression of <i>DUO1</i>. In vitro and in vivo evidence showed that ARID1 binds to the <i>DUO1</i> promoter. Lastly, we found that ARID1 physically associates with histone deacetylase 8 and that histone acetylation, which in wild type is evident only in sperm, expanded to the vegetative cell nucleus in the <i>arid1</i> mutant. This study identifies a novel component required for sperm cell formation in plants and uncovers a direct positive regulatory role of ARID1 on <i>DUO1</i> through association with histone acetylation.</p></div

DataSheet_1_Differential responding patterns of the nirK-type and nirS-type denitrifying bacterial communities to an Ulva prolifera green tide in coastal Qingdao areas.docx

Coastal eutrophication may be a vital inducement of green tide. Denitrification is an important nitrogen removal pathway that involves a series of enzymatic reactions. The rate-limiting step in the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide is encoded by two functionally equivalent but structurally distinct genes, copper-containing nitrite reductase gene (nirK) and cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase gene (nirS). Here, we used Illumina Miseq sequencing approach to examine the variations in denitrifying bacterial community characteristics and interactions during an Ulva prolifera green tide in coastal Qingdao areas. Our findings suggested that the variations in the denitrifying bacterial community structure during the green tide were closely related to the changes of chlorophyll a content, salinity and dissolved oxygen content. The nirK-type denitrifying bacteria were more sensitive to green tide than the nirS-type denitrifying bacteria. Additionally, the nirK-type denitrifying bacterial interactions were more stable and complex during the outbreak phase, while the nirS-type denitrifying bacterial interactions were more stable and complex during the decline phase. All of these characters demonstrated that the nirK-type and nirS-type denitrifying bacteria respond differently to the green tide, implying that they may occupy different niches during the green tide in coastal Qingdao areas.</p

Reduced <i>DUO1</i> and CYCB1 expression in <i>arid1-1</i>.

<p>(A) Expression of sperm-specific genes in mature pollen of wild type and <i>arid1-1</i>. Error bars represent the SE from the mean of three biological replicates. (B) Expression of DUO1-RFP in wild type and <i>arid1-1</i>. Representative images for each genotype were acquired with the same exposure times. White and red arrows indicate reduced DUO1-RFP signal in bicellular pollen and mature pollen, respectively. Scale bar, 10 µm. (C) Expression of CYCB1-GFP in the bicellular pollen of wild type and <i>arid1-1</i>, respectively. The red arrows indicate visible GFP accumulation of CYCB1 in the generative nucleus of wild type pollen, and the white arrows indicate unchanged GFP signal in the vegetative nuclei of the <i>arid1-1</i> pollen. Scale bar, 10 µm.</p

ARID1 physically associates with Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDA8).

<p>(A) Yeast cells co-expressing the indicated plasmids were grown on control (without Tryptophan and Leucine) or high stringency selection (without Tryptophan, Leucine, Histidine, and with 10 mM 3-AT) medium. <i>ARID1</i>, full length cDNA of <i>ARID1</i>; <i>ARID1-C</i>, the C-terminus-containing ELM2 domain of ARID1; <i>HDA8</i>, full length cDNA of <i>HDA8</i>. AD is pGAD10. The cultures from each of the indicated strains were diluted 100-fold and spotted. Three colonies were streaked for each pair. (B) ARID1 interacts with HDA8 by GST pulldown assay. Whole cell extracts from wild type or ARID1-GFP plants were applied onto GST and GST-HDA8 (abbreviated GST-H8) beads. GFP and Hsc70 (loading control) antibodies were used in immunoblotting. (C) Stained protein gel showing proteins used for the GST pulldown assay. 1/30 of the amount of each protein used in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004421#pgen-1004421-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5A</a> was resolved by SDS-PAGE. GST-H8, full length HDA8 fused to GST; GST alone was used as a control. GST-H8 is marked with an arrowhead. (D) ARID1 interacts with HDA8 by Co-IP. Inflorescences from ARID1-Myc; HDA8-YFP (abbreviated H8-YFP) doubly transgenic plants or from wild type were immunoprecipitated with Myc antibody. Myc, GFP and Hsc70 (loading control) antibodies were used for immunoblotting.</p