Additional file 2 of Safety and efficacy of vacuum bottle plus catheter for drainage of iatrogenic pneumothorax

Additional file 2: Text S1. Procedure protocol with illustrating figures. Fig. S1. Pressure-time curve of end-expiratory intrapleural pressure measurement during air drainage by vacuum bottle plus non-tunneled catheter in 21 patients. Fig. S2. Box plots in combination with scattered dot plots for participants' discomfort in the numeric rating scale of 10 recording before, during and after the procedure.  Fig. S3. Scatter plots of time to event-free duration to pneumothorax size in control group. Table S1. Comparison of studies employing simple air aspiration in patients with iatrogenic or traumatic pneumothoraces

Flow diagram of patient inclusion and outcomes.

Flow diagram of patient inclusion and outcomes.</p

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the 454 patients in this study.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the 454 patients in this study.</p

Multivariable Cox regression analysis of factors associated with time to reinstitution of MV within 60 days during the hospitalization.

Multivariable Cox regression analysis of factors associated with time to reinstitution of MV within 60 days during the hospitalization.</p

Comparisons of weaning parameters between the patients with and without mechanical ventilation reinstitution at a general ward.

Comparisons of weaning parameters between the patients with and without mechanical ventilation reinstitution at a general ward.</p

Kaplan-Meier plot for the reinstitution of MV within 30 days, grouped by before-weaning P_Emax > 30 cmH₂O.

Kaplan-Meier plot for the reinstitution of MV within 30 days, grouped by before-weaning PEmax > 30 cmH2O.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Inhaled nitric oxide and the risk of renal dysfunction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a propensity-matched cohort study

Baseline variables used for propensity matching. Figure S1. Propensity score distribution for the users and non-users of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Figure S2. The strength of an unmeasured confounder needed to move the observed effect to the null. (PDF 410 kb

Quantifiable features of a tidal breathing phenotype in dogs with severe bronchomalacia diagnosed by bronchoscopy

Dynamic lower airway obstruction is the primary component of canine bronchomalacia, but the ventilatory function remains underinvestigated. This prospective study analyzed tidal breathing characteristics in 28 dogs, comprising 14 with severe bronchomalacia diagnosed by bronchoscopy versus 14 without respiratory disease. Spirometry was conducted in all dogs. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage or brush under anesthesia was performed in 14 dogs with cough and expiratory effort. Severe bronchomalacia was defined by the severity of collapse and total number of bronchi affected. Ventilatory characteristics were compared between groups. Results revealed that dogs with severe bronchomalacia had lower minute volume (218 vs 338 mL/kg, p = .039) and greater expiratory-to-inspiratory time ratio (1.55 vs 1.35, p = .01) compared to control dogs. The tidal breathing pattern of dogs with bronchomalacia was different from that of normal dogs, and the pattern differed from the concave or flat expiratory curves typical of lower airway obstruction. Compared to control dogs, dogs with severe bronchomalacia had a significantly prolonged low-flow expiratory phase (p p 0.14) and volume-time index Vt-AUCexp (≤31%) had a high ROC-AUC (1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.00) in predicting severe bronchomalacia. In conclusion, the tidal breathing pattern identified here indicates abnormal and complicated ventilatory mechanics in dogs with severe bronchomalacia. The role of this pulmonary functional phenotype should be investigated for disease progression and therapeutic monitoring in canine bronchomalacia.</p

Multivariate analysis of factors for predicting weaning success in 86 difficult-to-wean patients who received tracheostomy.

<p>MIP: maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP: maximum expiratory pressure; V_T: tidal volume; V_E: minute ventilation; RSBI: rapid shallow breathing index; OR: odd ratio; CI: confidence interval.</p><p>¶ Comparison with the size of endotracheal tube before tracheostomy</p><p>Multivariate analysis of factors for predicting weaning success in 86 difficult-to-wean patients who received tracheostomy.</p

Effect of Tracheostomy on Weaning Parameters in Difficult-to-Wean Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

<div><p>Background and Objective</p><p>Weaning parameters are commonly measured through an endotracheal tube in mechanically ventilated patients recovering from acute respiratory failure, however this practice has rarely been evaluated in tracheostomized patients. This study aimed to investigate changes in weaning parameters measured before and after tracheostomy, and to explore whether the data measured after tracheostomy were associated with weaning outcomes in difficult-to-wean patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In a two-year study period, we enrolled orotracheally intubated patients who were prepared for tracheostomy due to difficult weaning. Weaning parameters were measured before and after the conversion to tracheostomy and compared, and the post-tracheostomy data were tested for associations with weaning outcomes.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 86 patients were included. After tracheostomy, maximum inspiratory pressure (mean difference (Δ) = 4.4, 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.1, <i>P</i><0.001), maximum expiratory pressure (Δ = 5.4, 95% CI, 2.9 to 8.0, <i>P</i><0.001) and tidal volume (Δ = 33.7, 95% CI, 9.0 to 58.5, <i>P</i><0.008) significantly increased, and rapid shallow breathing index (Δ = -14.6, 95% CI, -25.4 to -3.7, <i>P</i><0.009) and airway resistance (Δ = -4.9, 95% CI, -5.8 to -4.0, <i>P</i><0.001) significantly decreased. The patients who were successfully weaned within 90 days of the initiation of mechanical ventilation had greater increments in maximum inspiratory pressure (5.9 vs. 2.4, <i>P</i> = 0.04) and maximum expiratory pressure (8.0 vs. 2.0, <i>P</i> = 0.02) after tracheostomy than those who were unsuccessfully weaned.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In conclusion, the conversion from endotracheal tube to tracheostomy significantly improved the measured values of weaning parameters in difficult-to-wean patients who subsequently weaned successfully from the mechanical ventilator. The change was significant only for airway resistance in patients who failed weaning.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01312142?id=NCT01312142&rank=1" target="_blank">NCT01312142</a></p></div