DataSheet_1_Urine Soluble CD163 Is a Promising Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Lupus Nephritis.docx

IntroductionUrine-soluble CD163 (usCD163) is released from alternatively activated macrophages involved in the resolution of inflammation in glomeruli and plays an important role in glomerulonephritis. This study explored the role of usCD163 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Materials and MethodsusCD163 concentrations were measured cross-sectionally in 261 SLE patients in Taiwan. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and SLE disease activity scores were calculated to assess the correlation with usCD163.ResultsSLE patients with high usCD163 levels tended to be younger, with a higher hospital admission rate, higher prednisolone dose, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR), more pyuria and hematuria, higher levels of inflammatory markers, higher rates of anemia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia, lower complement 3 (C3) levels, higher anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA Ab) levels, and higher disease activity scores (p Discussion and conclusionThe usCD163 level correlates with the severity of LN and disease activity in renal SLE.</p

Risk Factors for Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

<div><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infection (UTI) may be associated with sepsis or septic shock, and cause sudden deterioration of renal function. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and change of renal function to identify the risk factors for development of AKI in UTI patients. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. From January 2006 to January 2013, a total of 790 UTI patients necessitating hospital admission were included for final analysis. Their demographic and clinical characteristics and comorbidities were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for AKI in UTI patients. There were 97 (12.3%) patients developing AKI during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with older age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, <i>P</i> = 0.04), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.35–3.68, <i>P</i> = 0002), upper UTI (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.53–4.56, <i>P</i> = 0001), afebrile during hospitalization (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.04–2.83, <i>P</i> = 0036) and lower baseline eGFR [baseline eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.12–4.04, <i>P</i> = 0.022), baseline eGFR 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR 4.44, 95% CI 2.30–8.60 <i>P</i> < 0.001) baseline eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.13–10.45, <i>P</i> <0.001), respectively] were associated with increased risk for development of AKI. were associated with increased risk for development of AKI. Physicians should pay attention to UTI patients at risk of AKI (advancing age, DM, upper UTI, afebrile, and impaired baseline renal function).</p></div

Multivairate logistic regression model for factors related to acute kidney injury.

<p>Multivairate logistic regression model for factors related to acute kidney injury.</p

Multivariate analysis of associations between eGFR and acute kidney injury.

<p>^aN = 790. ^bMultivariate model adjusted for gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, malignancy, indwelling foley catheter, afebrile, upper UTI, septic shock, baseline eGFR group.</p

Rectangle below: patients included for analyses.

<p>Rectangle below: patients included for analyses.</p

Additional file 3 of Biomarkers associating endothelial dysregulation in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematous

Additional file 3: Table S4. Markers among the WHO Classifications of Lupus Nephritis

Additional file 2 of Biomarkers associating endothelial dysregulation in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematous

Additional file 2: Table S1. Markers Associated with C3 and C4. Table S2. Markers associated with NIH Activity Index. Table S3. Markers in Four SLEDAI Subgroups

Image_3_The intragraft vascularized bone marrow induces secondary donor-specific mystacial pad allograft tolerance.jpeg

IntroductionVascularized bone marrow (VBM) is essential in tolerance induction through chimerism. We hypothesized that the inclusion of VBM contributes to the induction of mystacial pad allotransplantation tolerance.MethodIn this study, 19 VBM, nine mystacial pad, and six sequential VBM and mystacial pad allografts were transplanted from Brown Norway (BN) rats to Lewis (LEW) rats to test our hypothesis. The VBM recipients were divided into antilymphocyte serum (ALS) monotherapy group (two doses of ALS on day 3 pretransplantation and day 1 posttransplantation), immunosuppressant group [a week of 2 mg/kg/day tacrolimus (Tac) and 3 weeks of 3 mg/kg/day rapamycin (RPM)], and combined therapy group. The mystacial pad recipients were divided into VBM and non-VBM transplantation groups, and both groups were treated with an immunosuppression regimen that consists of ALS, Tac, and RPM. For the recipients of sequential VBM and mystacial pad allotransplantations, additional Tac was given 1 week after mystacial pad transplantation. Allograft survival, donor-specific tolerance, and chimerism level were evaluated.ResultsWith the administration of ALS and short-term Tac and RPM treatments, VBM recipients demonstrated long-term graft survival (>120 days) with persistent chimerism for 30 days. CD3+ T cells from tolerant rats showed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and tolerance to donor skin grafts but not to third-party counterparts. Furthermore, mystacial pad graft recipients with VBM transplantation exhibited a higher allograft survival rate than those without VBM transplantation [median survival time (MST) >90 days vs. 70 days, p ConclusionThis study demonstrated that VBM transplantation is an efficient strategy to induce and maintain donor-specific tolerance for an osseous-free allograft.</p

Additional file 1 of Biomarkers associating endothelial dysregulation in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematous

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Markers Associated with Disease Activity (active v.s. inactive) using Cutoff Level of SLEDAI 7. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Figure S2. Predictive Value of Biomarkers in Renal. Involvement Compared to Complement level. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; SE, standard error

Image_2_The intragraft vascularized bone marrow induces secondary donor-specific mystacial pad allograft tolerance.jpeg

IntroductionVascularized bone marrow (VBM) is essential in tolerance induction through chimerism. We hypothesized that the inclusion of VBM contributes to the induction of mystacial pad allotransplantation tolerance.MethodIn this study, 19 VBM, nine mystacial pad, and six sequential VBM and mystacial pad allografts were transplanted from Brown Norway (BN) rats to Lewis (LEW) rats to test our hypothesis. The VBM recipients were divided into antilymphocyte serum (ALS) monotherapy group (two doses of ALS on day 3 pretransplantation and day 1 posttransplantation), immunosuppressant group [a week of 2 mg/kg/day tacrolimus (Tac) and 3 weeks of 3 mg/kg/day rapamycin (RPM)], and combined therapy group. The mystacial pad recipients were divided into VBM and non-VBM transplantation groups, and both groups were treated with an immunosuppression regimen that consists of ALS, Tac, and RPM. For the recipients of sequential VBM and mystacial pad allotransplantations, additional Tac was given 1 week after mystacial pad transplantation. Allograft survival, donor-specific tolerance, and chimerism level were evaluated.ResultsWith the administration of ALS and short-term Tac and RPM treatments, VBM recipients demonstrated long-term graft survival (>120 days) with persistent chimerism for 30 days. CD3+ T cells from tolerant rats showed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and tolerance to donor skin grafts but not to third-party counterparts. Furthermore, mystacial pad graft recipients with VBM transplantation exhibited a higher allograft survival rate than those without VBM transplantation [median survival time (MST) >90 days vs. 70 days, p ConclusionThis study demonstrated that VBM transplantation is an efficient strategy to induce and maintain donor-specific tolerance for an osseous-free allograft.</p