Additional file 3 of Dental arch spatial changes after premature loss of first primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth studies

Supplementary Material 3: Figure S1. Begg’s test of space changes (D/D + E) and dental arch changes after premature loss of the first primary molar. (A) D + E space changes in the maxilla on the extraction side. (A) D + E space changes in the maxilla on the extraction side. (B) D space changes in the mandible on the extraction side. (C) D + E space changes in the mandible on the extraction side. (D) D + E space differences in the maxilla between the extraction and control sides. (E) D space differences in the mandible between the extraction and control sides. (F) D + E space differences in the mandible between the extraction and control sides. (G) Arch width of the maxilla. (H) Arch length of the maxilla. (I) Arch perimeter of the maxilla. (J) Arch width of the mandible. (K) Arch length of the mandible. (L) Arch perimeter of the mandible. Begg’s test indicated that there was no obvious heterogeneity among the included studies

Organization of cytoskeleton chondrocytes.

<p>Control chondrocytes (A1–A6), chondrocytes treated with 100 μM RV for 12 h (B1–B6), chondrocytes treated with 1.5 mM SNP for 24 h (C1–C6) and chondrocytes pretreated with RV and then treated with SNP (D1–D6), respectively. A4–A6, B4–B6, C4–C6, D4–D6 were enlarged images of cellular cytoskeleton in A1–A3, B1–B3, C1–C3, D1–D3, respectively. Bars in A1–A3, B1–B3, C1–C3, D1–D3 and A4–A6, B4–B6, C4–C6, D4–D6 were 50 and 20 μm, respectively.</p

Additional file 2 of Dental arch spatial changes after premature loss of first primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth studies

Supplementary Material 2: Table S2. Interexaminer and intraexaminer Kappa values for article identification and screening, data extraction, and quality assessment

Additional file 4 of Dental arch spatial changes after premature loss of first primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth studies

Supplementary Material 4: Figure S2. Egger’s test of space changes (D/D + E) and dental arch changes after premature loss of the first primary molar. (A) D + E space changes in the maxilla on the extraction side. (B) D space changes in the mandible on the extraction side. (C) D + E space changes in the mandible on the extraction side. (D) D + E space differences in the maxilla between the extraction and control sides. (E) D space differences in the mandible between the extraction and control sides. (F) D + E space differences in the mandible between the extraction and control sides. (G) Arch width in the maxilla. (H) Arch length of the maxilla. (I) Arch perimeter of the maxilla. (J) Arch width of the mandible. (K) Arch length of the mandible. (L) Arch perimeter of the mandible. Egger’s test indicated that there was no obvious heterogeneity among the included studies

Additional file 1 of Dental arch spatial changes after premature loss of first primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth studies

Supplementary Material 1: Table S1. List of excluded studies with the reasons for exclusion (n = 6)

Morphological data of chondrocytes.

<p>(A1–A2) Control chondrocytes. (A3–A8) The enlargement images of white panes in A1. (B1–B4) Chondrocytes treated with 1.5 mM SNP for 12 h. (C1–C5) The chondrocytes were pretreated with 100 mM of RV for 24 h, and then treated with 1.5 mM of SNP for 12 h. (D1–D3) Histograms of average length, width (D1), height (D2) and ratio of length/width of cells in three groups. In D1–D3, more than ten cells in each group were selected to measure the values. *<i>P</i><0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.</p

Additional file 5 of Dental arch spatial changes after premature loss of first primary molars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of split-mouth studies

Supplementary Material 5: The PRISMA checklist of this systematic review and meta-analysi

Alterations in nanobiotechnology of chondrocytes detected by AFM.

<p>(A1–A5) isolation of chondrocytes: (A1) Cartilage collected from the bilateral joints of the knees, hips, and shoulders. (A2) The joints were minced into small pieces, treated with 0.015% trypsin for 30 min, and subsequently digested. (A3) Morphology of primary joint chondrocytes. (A4) The morphology of primary joint chondrocytes cultured for 7 days. (A5) The AFM tip was employed to detect the morphology and biomechanics of chondrocytes. (A6) Typical force-distance curve detected using AFM: (1) The tip is approaching the surface of sample, (2) the tip is just in contact with the surface of cells, (3) the tip is further put into repulsive contact with the cellular surface, (4) lastly, the tip-sample contact is retracted. (A7–A9) are the representative force-distance curves obtained on control chondrocytes (A7), chondrocytes treated with 1.5 mM SNP for 12 h (A8), and chondrocytes pretreated with RV and the induce with SNP (A9), respectively. The elasticity maps, histogram of elasticity, adhesion force map and histogram of adhesion force of control chondrocytes (B1–B4), chondrocytes treated with 1.5 mM SNP for 12 h (C1–C4), and chondrocytes pretreated with RV and then cotreated with SNP (A4), respectively.</p

AFM ultrastructural data of control chondrocytes.

<p>(A1–A3) Control chondrocytes. (B1–B3) Chondrocytes treated with 1.5 mM SNP for 12 h. (C1–C3) The chondrocytes were pretreated with 100 μM of RV for 24 h, and then treated with 1.5 mM of SNP for 12 h. Scanning area: 2×2 μm². (A1), (B1), (C1) was topography mode. (A2), (B2), (C2) 3-D mode of (A1), (B1) and (C1), respectively. (A3), (B3), (C3) was contour map of (A1), (B1) and (C1), respectively. (D1) and (D2) were histograms of average roughness (Ra) of chondrocytes which were analyzed in 5×5 μm² and 2×2 μm², respectively. In (D1) and (D2), ten cells in each group were selected to measure the values of Ra, statistical analysis was performed using Student's <i>t</i>-test. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.</p

Protection effects of RV on SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes.

<p>Cells were pretreated with different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM) of RV for 24 h, and then treated with 1.5 mM of SNP for 12 h. After that, the cell viability was assayed using CCK-8 (comparing with control group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; comparing with SNP treated group, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001).</p