Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Alkyl 6-Aminobenzimidazo[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinoline-5-carboxylates

A convenient and efficient copper-catalyzed cascade method has been developed for synthesis of benzimidazoisoquinoline derivatives via reactions of readily available substituted 2-(2-halophenyl)benzoimidazoles with alkyl cyanoacetates under mild condition, and the corresponding alkyl 6-aminobenzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-5-carboxylates were obtained in good to excellent yields. The novel method provides diverse and useful poly N-heterocyclic compounds for combinatorial chemistry and medicinal chemistry

Amino Acids as the Nitrogen-Containing Motifs in Copper-Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Heterocycles

A copper-catalyzed domino method for synthesis of quinazolinones has been developed using readily available α-amino acids as the nitrogen-containing motifs. The domino process underwent Ullmann-type N-arylation, decarboxylation, aerobic oxidation, and intramolecular addition. This method should provide a new and useful strategy for construction of N-heterocycles

Copper-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Ortho-Functionalized Haloarenes with Sodium Azide as the Amino Source

A simple copper-catalyzed direct amination of ortho-functionalized haloarenes (2-halobenzoic acid, 2-halobenzamide, and N-(2-bromophenyl)acetamide derivatives) has been developed with use of NaN3 as the amino source in ethanol, and the corresponding ortho-functionalized aromatic amines were synthesized in good to excellent yields. The protocol undergoes one-pot Ullmann-type coupling of ortho-functionalized haloarenes with NaN3 to lead to ortho-functionalized azidoarenes, followed by reduction with ethanol

Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Countries Except China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>TB and HIV co-epidemic is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. But the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was diversified among countries. Exploring the reasons of the diversity of TB/HIV co-infection is important for public policy, planning and development of collaborative TB/HIV activities. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection worldwide, using meta-analysis based on systematic review of published articles.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies of the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection. We also searched bibliographic indices, scanned reference lists, and corresponded with authors. We summarized the estimates using meta-analysis and explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the estimates by metaregression analysis.</p><p>Results</p><p>We identified 47 eligible studies with a total population of 272,466. Estimates of TB/HIV co-infection prevalence ranged from 2.93% to 72.34%; the random effects pooled prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was 23.51% (95% CI 20.91–26.11). We noted substantial heterogeneity (Cochran’s <i>χ</i>² = 10945.31, p<0.0001; <i>I</i>² = 99.58%, 95% CI 99.55–99.61). Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was 31.25%(95%CI 19.30–43.17) in African countries, 17.21%(95%CI 9.97–24.46) in Asian countries, 20.11%(95%CI 13.82–26.39) in European countries, 25.06%(95%CI 19.28–30.84) in Latin America countries and 14.84%(95%CI 10.44–19.24) in the USA. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was higher in studies in which TB diagnosed by chest radiography and HIV diagnosis based on blood analyses than in those which used other diagnostic methods, and in countries with higher prevalence HIV in the general population than in countries with lower general prevalence.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our analyses suggest that it is necessary to attach importance to HIV/TB co-infection, especially screening of TB/HIV co-infection using methods with high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in the countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence in the general population.</p></div

Association between the desire to change weight and BMI subgroups.

Association between the desire to change weight and BMI subgroups.</p

Influencing factors associated with the underweight BMI subgroup.

Influencing factors associated with the underweight BMI subgroup.</p

Visible-Light Photoredox Synthesis of Chiral α‑Selenoamino Acids

<i>N</i>-Acetoxyphthalimide derivatives of two genetically coded proteinogenic amino acids, l-aspartic acid and glutamic acid, were used as visible light photoredox chiral sources and radical precursors, diorganyl diselenides were used as the radical acceptors, and the diverse chiral α-selenoamino acid derivatives were prepared in good yields at room temperature. Furthermore, decarboxylative coupling of <i>N</i>-protected dipeptide active ester with diphenyl diselenide provided the corresponding selenodipeptide. The simple protocol, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and chiral keeping of this method make it an important strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules

“Weight-control behaviors” in the qualitative study.

“Weight-control behaviors” in the qualitative study.</p

K₂CO₃-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chromones and 4-Quinolones through the Cleavage of Aromatic C–O Bonds

Phenol-derived electrophiles are favorable substrates because phenols are naturally abundant or can be readily prepared from other aromatic compounds. However, the cleavage of aromatic C–O bonds is a great challenge because of their high energy. K₂CO₃-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 1-(2-alkoxyphenyl)-3-akylpropane-1,3-dione and 3-(alkylimino)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one derivatives via the selective cleavage of aromatic C–O bonds is reported. The corresponding chromone and 4-quinolone derivatives were obtained in reasonable yields

Additional file 1: of Associations between lifestyle, physical and social environments and frailty among Chinese older people: a multilevel analysis

The dataset of analysis. The dataset of analysis comes from a subsample of the Shanghai Healthy City Survey (Round 5). It includes the total complete data (2559 elders) in Sheet 1 and the processed data for multilevel analysis (2154 elders) in Sheet 2. (XLSX 1262 kb