The Effect of Diet Based on Body Mass Index on Pregnancy Outcomes in 20 – 35 Year Old Pregnant Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Referred to Arash Hospital

Background: Gestational diabetes can cause macrosomia, fetal abnormalities, and increased prevalence of hypertension, which unreasonably increases fetal mortality rate. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the complications of pregnancy in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a BMI (Body Mass Index) based diet on pregnancy outcomes in diabetic pregnant women aged between 20-35 years referred to Arash Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 70 diabetic pregnant women aged between 20-35 years were divided into two groups as case and control. The control group received a diet including 30 kilocalories per kilogram energy regardless of their BMI. The first group, including participants with the BMI ranged between 19-24.9 received 30 kilocalories per kilogram energy diet, and the second group including participants with the BMI between 25-29.9 received 25 kilocalories per kilogram diet. The SPSS software version 23 was used for analyzing the data and P-value<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There was no significant difference between the cases and control group in the mean of gaining weight at the end of pregnancy (p=0.3). There was also no significant difference between the mean birth weight (p=0.05), Insulin requirement (p=0.7), macrosomia (p=0.2), hypertension (p=0.1), intrauterine growth retardation (p=0.3), gestational age in delivery (p=0.3), and infant blood calcium (p=0.3) between the groups.However, the mean newborn blood sugar level in case group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.01). Conclusion: BMI based calorie intake restriction in diet during pregnancy did not affect the main pregnancy outcomes such as average weight gain at the end of pregnancy, insulin requirement, newborns birth weight risk of fetal macrosomia r, maternal high blood pressure, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational age in delivery, infant blood calcium. However, newborn blood sugar was significantly lower in the case group compared to control group

Pulmonary responses of rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles injected intratracheally

زمینه و هدف: نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم در سطح وسیعی در جهان کاربرد دارند. مطالعه&shy;ی حاضر، برای ارزیابی مدت ماندگاری سمیت ریوی حاصل از نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 60 سر موش صحرایی نر در 3 گروه (هر گروه شامل 4 زیر گروه 5 سری) تقسیم شدند. حیوانات در زیر گروه&shy;های اول، دوم و سوم هر یک از گروه&shy;ها به ترتیب 25، 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم از نانو ذرات و در زیر گروه چهارم (گروه کنترل) هر گروه حجم برابری از نرمال سالین را به&shy;صورت داخل نایی دریافت کردند. در روزهای 15، 30 و 45، به&shy;ترتیب حیوانات گروه&shy;های اول، دوم و سوم بی&shy;هوش شدند. پس از گرفتن گراف های رادیولوژی حیوانات کشته و نمونه های خونی و بافتی جمع آوری شد. نتایج به&shy;دست آمده از بررسی های هماتولوژی و بیوشیمیایی با آزمون آماری ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey و نتایج حاصله از مطالعات پاتولوژی و رادیولوژی نیز با استفاده از آزمون آماری Fisher exact test مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج، اختلاف معنی داری را در شمارش کلی گلبول های سفید، لنفوسیت ها، مونوسیت ها و گرانولوسیت ها و در فعالیت آنزیم های LDH و ALP را در روز 15 آزمایش نشان داد. بررسی های هیستوپاتولوژی و رادیولوژی دلالت بر پاسخ ریه ها به&shy;صورت ضایعات آماسی وابسته به دوز مصرفی می کرد. این ضایعات بیشتر به شکل نفوذ سلول های آماسی و ضخیم شدن بافت بینابینی بود. نتیجه گیری: تحقیق حاضر پیشنهاد می کند که دوز مصرفی نقش مهمی را در سمیت ریوی بازی می کند و اثرات التهابی نانو ذرات دی اکسید تیتانیوم برای زمان محدودی باقی مانده و حیوان می تواند بعد از طی یک دوره زمانی مجدداً به حالت طبیعی باز گردد

Patent ductus arteriosus in a lamb: A case report

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent patency of a vessel normally present in the fetus that connects the pulmonary arterial system to the aorta. The ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth when breathing commences and placental blood circulation is removed. Closure of the ductus arteriosus arises in response to decline pulmonary vascular resistance and increased systemic vascular resistance. This report describes a case of PDA in a two-month-old male lamb with clinical signs of machinery murmur, tachycardia, increase respiratory rate, weakness and ill thrift. Echocardiographic examination and necropsy finding confirmed PDA

A study on job postures and musculoskeletal illnesses in dentists

Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) compose a large part of occupational diseases in dental professionals, prevention of which is dependent on assessment and improvement of job postures by means of ergonomic interventions. This study was aimed at evaluation of ergonomic conditions of the profession of dentists and also at assessing the relationship between MSDs and conditions of work. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 65 dentists using the method of Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The prevalence of MSDs was obtained by the use of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results: In this investigation, the prevalence of MSDs for different body parts was: 75.9% for the neck, 58.6% for the shoulders, 56.9% for the upper back, 48.3% for the lower back and 44.8% for the wrist. Job analysis by the use of REBA showed that 89.6% of limbs in group A and 79.3% of limbs in group B had a score > 4. Only neck and lower back pain have significant relationship with the risk levels obtained using the REBA method. Conclusions: It can be concluded that work postures of dentists need to be improved. In addition to education, work station design, rest period during work and regular physical activities should be taken into account

Progettazione e sviluppo di dispositivi in Nitinol per applicazioni attuative e biomediche

Il Nitinol, con le sue proprietà uniche di memoria di forma e superelasticità, è emerso come un materiale fondamentale sia per i dispositivi medici che per le applicazioni attuative. Questa tesi si concentra sulla progettazione innovativa e la manifattura additiva di stent endovascolari e attuatori bidirezionali a base di Nitinol, esplorando le loro applicazioni nei campi medico e industriale. La ricerca adotta un approccio completo, incorporando metodi numerici, analitici e sperimentali per migliorare le prestazioni meccaniche e la funzionalità di questi dispositivi. Per quanto riguarda gli stent endovascolari, lo studio esamina diversi progetti che utilizzano tecniche di produzione differenti, tra cui la tessitura, il taglio laser e la manifattura additiva. In particolare, vengono impiegate tecniche avanzate di ottimizzazione, come l'ottimizzazione multi-obiettivo tramite Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), per migliorare parametri prestazionali chiave come la rigidità radiale, la forza radiale e l'accorciamento, con particolare attenzione agli stent intrecciati. Inoltre, il lavoro investiga sugli stent tagliati al laser ed esplora il potenziale delle tecniche di manifattura additiva per migliorare ulteriormente le loro prestazioni. Inoltre, la tesi presenta lo sviluppo di attuatori bidirezionali innovativi basati su leghe a memoria di forma (SMA), introducendo un design unico capace di ottenere un allungamento globale reversibile tramite la contrazione localizzata delle SMA. Questo design è stato convalidato attraverso test sperimentali e modellizzazione teorica, dimostrando un potenziale significativo per applicazioni diverse che richiedono un'attuazione multidirezionale.Nitinol, with its unique properties of shape memory and superelasticity, has emerged as a pivotal material for both medical devices and actuator applications. This thesis focuses on the innovative design and additive manufacturing of Nitinol-based endovascular stents and bidirectional actuators, exploring their applications in both medical and industrial fields. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, incorporating numerical, analytical, and experimental methods to enhance the mechanical performance and functionality of these devices. For endovascular stents, the study examines various designs utilizing different manufacturing techniques, including braiding, laser cutting, and additive manufacturing. Specifically, it employs advanced optimization techniques, such as Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), to improve key performance metrics such as radial stiffness, radial force, and foreshortening, with a particular focus on braided stents. Additionally, the work investigates laser-cut stents and explores the potential of additive manufacturing techniques to further enhance their performance. Moreover, the thesis presents the development of novel bidirectional actuators based on shape memory alloys (SMA), introducing a unique design capable of achieving reversible global elongation through localized SMA contraction. This design is validated through experimental testing and theoretical modeling, demonstrating significant potential for diverse applications requiring multi-directional actuation

Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla in a Patient on Phenytoin

Actinomycosis is caused by Actinomyces species and is relatively rare in humans. Because of the special collateral blood flow, osteomyelitis is less common in the maxilla than the mandible. Although there are few case reports for jaw osteomyelitis, actinomycotic osteomyelitis associated with phenytoin therapy has not been reported before. The data show that antiepileptic drugs induce suppression of the immune system. This report presents a rare case of a 58-year-old man on phenytoin with actinomycotic osteomyelitis, and reviews the relevant literature.</jats:p

Comparison of Genomic Polymorphisms and Genetic Relation of Clinical Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates in Kerman Province by ERIC- PCR and Box-PCR Methods

Introduction: Salmonella is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium has many hosts in addition to humans, and its prevalence in the community is high. The aim of the study was comparing the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from human fecal samples by both of ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were obtained from the human fecal samples. These strains were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Then, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR were carried out for determination of molecular relatedness of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using specific primers. Results: The results showed that all 60 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were separable using ERIC 1, ERIC 2 and BOXAIR. In electrophoresis, 2-11 bands with 20-3200bp for ERIC-PCR and 2-10 bands with 200-1500bp for BOX-PCR were observed. Therefore, 13 different clusters (C1-C13) in ERIC-PCR and 21 different clusters (C1-C21) in BOX-PCR were identified. Conclusion: The results showed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains were non-homolog. Therefore, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR methods are appropriate methods for molecular typing of Salmonella strains and determine the original infection source for the epidemiological survey as well as infection prevention program