Marquette Interchange Perpetual Pavement Instrumentation Project - Phase II

This report presents findings from the second phase of the Marquette Interchange instrumentation project and focuses on the maintenance of data recordation systems, development of computer programs to analyze data, and development of data packages for redistribution. The product of this research is a set of data which includes dynamic pavement response due to live traffic, vehicle information (weight, class, length, et cetera), and environmental data for the test site. The tasks within this project were not oriented for findings regarding pavement performance, but important and helpful conclusions can be drawn for similar future projects. The recordation systems have been maintained and recordation has been continuous. A handful of sensors did require attention and only a fraction of the critical strain sensors have ceased to function, making the project a success. The results of the computer programs written to analyze data show that reasonable accuracy has been achieved. Future work can help to generate more intricate programming making the processes more accurate

Perpetual Pavement Analysis for the Marquette Interchange Instrumentation Project

With the emergence of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design process, development of pavements rely on the structural response and fatigue characteristics of pavement materials due to traffic loads. In the past, pavement design has been almost entirely based on empirical data. One area of interest in designing hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements is the fatigue life of the pavement, which has been shown to be dependent on the horizontal strain in the pavement. This research is focused on measuring the structural response of a pavement located within the Marquette Interchange Project in order to analyze fatigue behavior with great detail. Virtually all variables which affect the life of HMA pavements were measured and analyzed in accordance with the structural data. Assumptions that were historically used in design were verified and suggestions regarding the structural response of the pavement are given. These include results from analyses of load pulse duration, analytical stress/strain predictions, and strain influence

Marquette Interchange Phase I Final Report

This report provides details on the design, installation and monitoring of a pavement instrumentation system for the analysis of load-induced stresses and strains within a perpetual HMA pavement system. The HMA pavement was constructed as part of an urban highway improvement project in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The outer wheel path of the outside lane was instrumented with asphalt strain sensors, base and subgrade pressure sensors, subgrade moisture and temperature sensors, HMA layer temperature sensors, traffic wander strips and a weigh in motion system. Environmental sensors for air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation are also included. The system captures the pavement response from each axle loading and transmits the data through a wireless link to a resident database at Marquette University. The collected data will be used to estimate the fatigue life of the perpetual HMA pavement and to modify, as necessary, pavement design procedures used within the State of Wisconsin

Perpetual Pavement Instrumentation for the Marquette Interchange Project-Phase 1

This report provides details on the design, installation and monitoring of a pavement instrumentation system for the analysis of load-induced stresses and strains within a perpetual HMA pavement system. The HMA pavement was constructed as part of an urban highway improvement project in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The outer wheel path of the outside lane was instrumented with asphalt strain sensors, base and subgrade pressure sensors, subgrade moisture and temperature sensors, HMA layer temperature sensors, traffic wander strips and a weigh in motion system. Environmental sensors for air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation are also included. The system captures the pavement response from each axle loading and transmits the data through a wireless link to a resident database at Marquette University. The collected data will be used to estimate the fatigue life of the perpetual HMA pavement and to modify, as necessary, pavement design procedures used within the State of Wisconsin

Top Bar Effect in Self-Consolidating Concrete

Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is a relatively new type of concrete gaining popularity in the construction industry. It benefits construction tasks by eliminating the need for consolidation and can help limit variability in reinforced concrete (RC) structures that may arise due to standard consolidation practices. In addition, SCC improves the overall quality of the concrete matrix by promoting homogeneity and reducing segregation of the constituents. However, the cost of materials can be held responsible for its delayed use in the United States. Likewise, uncertainty of the material\u27s performance and characteristics can also be blamed. Re-verification of certain design parameters is necessary to build confidence in this new building material. It is well known that normal concrete placed in RC structures and consolidated with internal vibration, tends to segregate and settle, causing an upward rise of air and water in the concrete. In the presence of a rigidly held reinforcing bar, this migrating air and water, along with the settlement of other products, tends to cause collections of voids and moisture on the underside of the bar. This poor concrete-steel contact has negative impacts on the bond, reducing it significantly. Evidence is present demonstrating that bars placed with an appreciable amount of concrete below them are the most susceptible to this problem, hence the name, top-bar effect. Knowledge regarding the top-bar effect in SCC is very limited. Data regarding this issue, gained through experimentation, is examined in this thesis. Beam-end, pull out specimens, were used to study the relative bond strength of deformed reinforcing bar in both ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC) and SCC. Deductions and comparisons regarding the resulting information on the top-bar effect in SCC are made

Marquette interchange perpetual pavement instrumentation project : phase II final report

82 p.This report presents findings from the second phase of the Marquette Interchange instrumentation project and focuses on the maintenance of data recordation systems, development of computer programs to analyze data, and development of data packages for redistribution. The product of this research is a set of data which includes dynamic pavement response due to live traffic, vehicle information (weight, class, length, etc.), and environmental data for the test site. The tasks within this project were not oriented for findings regarding pavement performance, but important and helpful conclusions can be drawn for similar future projects. The recordation systems have been maintained and recordation has been continuous. A handful of sensors did require attention and only a fraction of the critical strain sensors have ceased to function, making the project a success. The results of the computer programs written to analyze data show that reasonable accuracy has been achieved. Future work can help to generate more intricate programming making the processes more accurate

Marquette interchange perpetual pavement instrumentation project : phase I final report

158 p.This report provides details on the design, installation and monitoring of a pavement instrumentation system for the analysis of load-induced stresses and strains within a perpetual hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement system. The HMA pavement was constructed as part of an urban highway improvement project in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The outer wheel path of the outside lane was instrumented with asphalt strain sensors, base and subgrade pressure sensors, subgrade moisture and temperature sensors, HMA layer temperature sensors, traffic wander strips and a weigh in motion system. Environmental sensors for air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation are also included. The system captures the pavement response from each axle loading and transmits the data through a wireless link to a resident database at Marquette University. The collected data will be used to estimate the fatigue life of the perpetual HMA pavement and to modify, as necessary, pavement design procedures used within the State of Wisconsin

Genome-wide meta-analyses of restless legs syndrome yield insights into genetic architecture, disease biology and risk prediction

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) affects up to 10% of older adults. Their healthcare is impeded by delayed diagnosis and insufficient treatment. To advance disease prediction and find new entry points for therapy, we performed meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in 116,647 individuals with RLS (cases) and 1,546,466 controls of European ancestry. The pooled analysis increased the number of risk loci eightfold to 164, including three on chromosome X. Sex-specific meta-analyses revealed largely overlapping genetic predispositions of the sexes (rg = 0.96). Locus annotation prioritized druggable genes such as glutamate receptors 1 and 4, and Mendelian randomization indicated RLS as a causal risk factor for diabetes. Machine learning approaches combining genetic and nongenetic information performed best in risk prediction (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82-0.91). In summary, we identified targets for drug development and repurposing, prioritized potential causal relationships between RLS and relevant comorbidities and risk factors for follow-up and provided evidence that nonlinear interactions are likely relevant to RLS risk prediction.Peer reviewe