Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (Nht) Siswa Kelas III Sdn 016 Sekeladi

The research was classroom action research that aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes with applied the cooperative learning type Numbered Heads Together. The subject of the research is students of class III SD Negeri 016 Sekeladi at the second semester of academic years 2014/2015. There are 24 students in the class, consist of 12 boys and 12 girls who have heterogeneous academic ability. The research are two cycles. Each a cycle has four stages, that are planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Each end of the cycle of daily tests carried out. Data collected through observation and tests in the form of daily tests. Results of this research showed that the teacher\u27s activities and students have done well after doing the action. The action is successful if the number of students who achieve a score basis increase in daily tests I and II. The number of students who achieve a score of minimum mastery criteria on basic, daily test I (first cycle) and daily test II (second cycle) are respectively 16,7%, 37,5 %, and 58,3%. The result of this research shows that the type Numbered Heads Together Cooperative Learning Approaches can improve the mathematics achievement from the students of class III SD Negeri 016 Sekeladi at the second semester of academic years 2014/2015

Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> (Cranberry) Extract and Evaluation of Their Biomedical Potential

Eco-friendly preparation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is a greatly evolving field of scientific research. These types of NPs have gained substantial recognition from scientists, including chemists, chemical biologists and technologists, who have successfully exploited them for the fabrication of a variety of advanced nanodevices. Herein, silver (Ag) NPs were synthesized by a green approach using the aqueous extract of Vaccinium oxycoccos (cranberry), which not only reduced the silver ions but also stabilized the surface of the resultant Ag NPs. The formation of Ag NPs is confirmed by different analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, UV analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The UV analysis of the aqueous solution of the reaction mixture demonstrated an absorption band at ~450 nm, which is the typical peak of Ag NPs, leading to the confirmation of product formation. While the XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the sample and the formation of a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, on the other hand, TEM revealed the presence of spherical NPs with an approximate size range between 5–30 nm. Furthermore, the as-obtained Ag NPs were subjected to thorough investigations to explore the biomedical potential of the sample. In this case, the Ag NPs demonstrated considerable antioxidant and antifungal properties towards various pathogens. In addition, Ag NPs also showed substantial inhibition of spore germination

Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vaccinium oxycoccos (Cranberry) Extract and Evaluation of Their Biomedical Potential

Eco-friendly preparation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is a greatly evolving field of scientific research. These types of NPs have gained substantial recognition from scientists, including chemists, chemical biologists and technologists, who have successfully exploited them for the fabrication of a variety of advanced nanodevices. Herein, silver (Ag) NPs were synthesized by a green approach using the aqueous extract of Vaccinium oxycoccos (cranberry), which not only reduced the silver ions but also stabilized the surface of the resultant Ag NPs. The formation of Ag NPs is confirmed by different analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, UV analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The UV analysis of the aqueous solution of the reaction mixture demonstrated an absorption band at ~450 nm, which is the typical peak of Ag NPs, leading to the confirmation of product formation. While the XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the sample and the formation of a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, on the other hand, TEM revealed the presence of spherical NPs with an approximate size range between 5&ndash;30 nm. Furthermore, the as-obtained Ag NPs were subjected to thorough investigations to explore the biomedical potential of the sample. In this case, the Ag NPs demonstrated considerable antioxidant and antifungal properties towards various pathogens. In addition, Ag NPs also showed substantial inhibition of spore germination