Can quadrivalent human papillomavirus prophylactic vaccine be an effective alternative for the therapeutic management of genital warts? an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of genital warts, we investigated the quadrivalent HPV vaccine injection compared with surgical excision. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 26 patients (M:F = 24:2) who received HPV vaccine or surgical excision. After explanation of surgical excision or HPV vaccine, 16 patients underwent surgical excision and the others received HPV vaccine injections. Based on gross findings of genital warts, treatment outcomes were classified as complete response (no wart), partial response, and failed treatment. Results: Among enrolled patients, 42% (11 / 26) patients had recurrent genital warts. In vaccination group, complete response rates of genital wart were 60% following 3 times HPV vaccine. Partial response patients wanted to excise the genital lesions before the 3 times injection, because they worried about sexual transmission of disease to their sexual partners. One patient underwent surgical excision after 3 times injection. Excision sites included suprapubic lesions, but other sites including mid-urethra and glans showed complete response after injection. At a mean follow-up period of 8.42 ± 3.27 months, 10 patients (100%) who received HPV vaccine did not show recurrence. Conclusion: The response rates after HPV vaccine injection were 90% (complete and partial). Our results suggested that HPV vaccines could be effective in management of genital warts.</div

The means of relative standard deviations (RSDs) for recoveries of 296 pesticides in <i>C</i>. <i>officinale</i>, <i>R</i>. <i>glutinosa</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>lactiflora</i> under the extraction conditions of ACN, ACN/EA (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7), and EA.

In cases where pesticides were not detected in certain methods and no RSD data was available, they were excluded from the statistics. (PDF)</p

Determination of pesticide multiresidues in <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> which are origin from the Republic of Korea.

Determination of pesticide multiresidues in Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora which are origin from the Republic of Korea.</p

Fig 2 -

Recoveries of representative pesticides showing a large recovery difference greater than 25% depending on extraction solvents which are acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA in C. officinale (a), R. glutinosa (b), and P. lactiflora (c). The error bars are the standard deviations of the recoveries (n = 3). The dotted lines mean the recovery of 70%.</p

Dry matters (<i>n</i> = 9) of <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> from 10 mL extracts using acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA as extraction solvents.

Dry matters (n = 9) of Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora from 10 mL extracts using acetonitrile (ACN), ACN/ethyl acetate (EA) (7:3, v/v), ACN/EA (3:7, v/v), and EA as extraction solvents.</p

Fig 3 -

Distributions of matrix effects (% ME) for 296 target pesticides in C. officinale, R. glutinosa, and P. lactiflora (a)–(c), and distributions of recoveries for the same pesticides (d)–(f) under the various cleanup methods; C18 (25 mg C18 and 150 mg MgSO4), Alumina (25 mg alumina and 150 mg MgSO4), and HLB (Oasis PRiME HLB plus light).</p

Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery rates fortified at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg for 296 target pesticides in <i>Cnidium officinale</i>, <i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>, and <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i>.

Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery rates fortified at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg for 296 target pesticides in Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora.</p

Distributions of recovery ranges of target pesticides when using 0.1, 0.4, and 1% formic acid or acetic acid in ACN/EA (7:3, v/v).

Distributions of recovery ranges of target pesticides when using 0.1, 0.4, and 1% formic acid or acetic acid in ACN/EA (7:3, v/v).</p

The average relative intensity (area) of target pesticides grouped by the four retention time (t_R) segments (8–14, 14–16.2, 16.2–18, and 18–25 min).

The average relative intensity in unpulsed injection was set to 100%. (PDF)</p

Total ion chromatograms (TICs) through full scan analysis (m/z range 50–500).

Control (pesticide-free) samples of (a) C. officinale, (b) R. glutinosa, and (c) P. lactiflora were analyzed after preparation using the established method. (PDF)</p