Interfacial Constructing Flexible V₂O₅@Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanowire Membrane with Superior Supercapacitive Performance

Flexible membrane consisting of ultralong V₂O₅@conducting polypyrrole (V₂O₅@PPy) core–shell nanowires is prepared by a facile in situ interfacial synthesis approach. The V₂O₅ is for the first time demonstrated to show versatile function of reactive template to initiate the uniform and conformal polymerization of PPy nanocoating without the need for extra oxidants. The freestanding PPy-encapsulated V₂O₅ nanowire membrane is of great benefit in achieving strong electrochemical harvest by increasing electrical conductivity, shortening ion/electron transport distance, and enlarging electrode/electrolyte contact area. When evaluated as binder- and additive-free supercapacitor electrodes, the V₂O₅@PPy core–shell hybrid delivers a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 334 F g^–1 along with superior rate capability and improved cycling stability. The present work would provide a simple yet powerful interfacial strategy for elaborate constructing V₂O₅/conducting polymers toward various energy-storage technologies

Inhibition of T-type calcium channels prevents bupivacaine-induced cleavage of caspase-3.

<p>SH-SY5Y cells were either pretreated with the indicated concentrations of NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride or left untreated prior to 1 mM bupivaine exposure for 24 h. Procaspase-3 (inactive form) and cleaved caspase-3 (active form) expression was measured by western blot analysis (mean+S.D, n = 6). Lane 1 = S group; Lane 2 = S+NNC 100 group; Lane 3 = S+B group; Lane 4 = S+B+ NNC 10 group; Lane 5 = S+B+NNC 50 group; Lane 6 = S+B+NNC 100 group. <i>^aP</i><0.05 vs. S group; <i>^bP</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC 100 group; <i>^cP</i><0.05 vs. S+B group; <i>^dP</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group.</p

Apoptosis measured by Hoechst 33258 staining (%, mean±S.D, n = 6).

a<p><i>P</i><0.05 vs. S group;</p>b<p><i>P</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC 100 group;</p>c<p><i>P</i><0.05 vs. S+B group;</p>d<p><i>P</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group.</p

SH-SY5Y cell viability following treatment with 1 mM bupivacaine (%, mean±S.D, n = 6).

<p><i>^aP</i><0.05 vs. S group; <i>^bP</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC 100 group; <i>^cP</i><0.05 vs. S+B group; <i>^dP</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group; <i>^eP</i><0.05 vs. time point of 6 hours; <i>^fP</i><0.05 vs. time point of 12 h.</p

The effect of increasing concentrations of bupivacaine on SH-SY5Y cell viability.

<p>SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to different concentrations of bupivacaine (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM). The viability of the cells declined with increasing bupivacaine concentration.</p

Bupivacaine treatment leads to the release of LDH.

<p>SH-SY5Y cells were either pretreated with the indicated concentrations of NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride or left untreated prior to 1 mM bupivaine treatment for 24 h. LDH release was determined by the level of LDH activity present in the culture media. (%, mean±S.D, n = 6). <i>^aP</i><0.05 vs. S group; <i>^bP</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC100 group; <i>^cP</i><0.05 vs. S+B group; <i>^dP</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group; <i>^eP</i><0.05 vs. time point of 6 h; <i>^fP</i><0.05 vs. time point of 12 h.</p

Bupivacaine treatment leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca2+]_i).

<p>SH-SY5Y cells were either pretreated with the indicated concentrations of NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride or left untreated prior to 1 mM bupivaine treatment for 24 h. [Ca2+]_i levels were measured by Quest Fluo-8 AM ester (mean±SD, n = 6)). A: Representative image of Quest Fluo-8 AM ester flow cytometry analysis. B: [Ca2+]_i levels in the different treatment groups. <i>^aP</i><0.05 vs. S group; <i>^bP</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC 100 group; <i>^cP</i><0.05 vs. S+B group; <i>^dP</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group.</p

NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride protects SH-SY5Y cells from bupivacaine-induced apoptosis.

<p>Cells were either treated with the indicated concentrations of NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride or left untreated prior to 1 mM bupivaine treatment for 24 h. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V staining with flow cytometry (%, mean±SD, n = 6). A: Representative image from the flow cytometric analysis. B: Rates of apoptosis in the different treatment groups. <i>^aP</i><0.05 vs. S group; <i>^bP</i><0.05 vs. S+NNC 100 group; <i>^cP</i><0.05 vs. S+B group; <i>^dP</i><0.05 vs. S+B+NNC 10 group.</p

Additional file 1: of High-Efficient Excitation-Independent Blue Luminescent Carbon Dots

The XRD diffraction pattern of the CDs shows a wide peak at 20.24°. (DOCX 5972 kb