Innovative Metabolic Rate Sensing Approach for Probing Human Thermal Comfort

The human metabolic rate has attracted increasing interest as it is the most critical parameter in thermal comfort evaluation, a challenging field, while it is always determined imprecisely. The main issue hampering metabolic rate portable measurement is a lack of reliable methods. Current measuring solutions are unsatisfactory because nonportable bulky size systems and disturbance masks are required. This paper proposes a novel metabolic rate measurement model, which we believe is the first of its kind, to accurately identify and predict human metabolism values via wearable technology. Based on a newly developed theory, the designed wearable metabolic rate sensor was fabricated to measure key parameters: heart rate, heat loss, and skin resistance. Together with the body muscle rate, the new final linear metabolic rate model showed easy prediction capability. Eight volunteers were invited for the experiment under three conditions under four activity intensity states. First, the results significantly verify that a linear relationship exists between the metabolic rate tested by the Quark CPET instrument and our proposed model, with a high coefficient of determination (R2 ≈ 0.90). The correlation model is worth mentioning because it coincides with our hypothesis, with at least 95% overall accuracy and less than 2% uncertainty under each condition. Second, the most remarkable finding is that our model is exceedingly suitable (R2 ≈ 0.90) for the same person, regardless of the experimental temperature. Finally, validation is conducted in a wider metabolic range, further strengthening confidence in our metabolic rate estimation approach. In summary, based on an innovative methodology, our novel metabolic rate sensor is wearable, comfortable, real-time achievable, and miniaturized compared with the existing equipment. This paper sheds new light on human metabolic rate measurement and prediction. Furthermore, our approach and designed sensor can be applied to evaluate indoor thermal comfort precisely, thus leading to reduced energy consumption

sj-xlsx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 - Supplemental material for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study by Wenbo Li, Yanli Zhang, Jiaqing Liang and Hongyu Yu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 - Supplemental material for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-dhj-10.1177_20552076231203801 for Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the media Health Literacy Questionnaire: A validation study by Wenbo Li, Yanli Zhang, Jiaqing Liang and Hongyu Yu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

Table_1_The transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration scale.docx

BackgroundIn China, clinical deterioration events present a real problem for every clinical nurse. Patient deterioration is determined in part by nurses’ attitudes toward early recognition of clinical deterioration. However, research on attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration is still in its infancy, and even less research has been done on ward nurses’ attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration. To drive behavioral change and improve the care of deteriorating patients, nurses need comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to assess their attitudes toward early identification of deterioration.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to translate the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale into Chinese and to assess its validity and reliability tests.MethodsFrom March 2022 to July 2022, the ATREND scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted into the Chinese version using a modified Brislin translation model. Then, 460 ward nurses were recruited from tertiary Grade A general hospitals in two cities: Shenyang and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. Reliability analyses were conducted using internal consistency, split-half, and test–retest reliability. We convened a committee of experts to determine the validity of the content. Tests of the structural validity of the scale were conducted using exploratory and validation factor analyses.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α value of the Chinese version of the ATREND scale was 0.804, and the Cronbach’s α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.782 to 0.863. The split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were 0.846 and 0.711, respectively. Furthermore, the scale has an index of content validity of 0.922, indicating a high level of content validity. In exploratory factor analysis, eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot supported a three-factor structure. The three-factor model supported by this study was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the model fitting indexes (e.g., χ2/DF = 1.498, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.047) were all within acceptable limits based on the CFA.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the scale is reliable and valid among ward nurses. Nursing educators and clinicians will be able to develop targeted educational programs to enhance the competence and behaviors of Chinese ward nurses in recognizing clinical deterioration. It will be based on the developed scale to assess Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practices regarding early recognition of clinical deterioration. As a result, it is necessary to consider the Chinese scale’s three-factor structure. The developed three-factor structured scale will assess Chinese ward nurses’ attitudes and practices toward patient observation and vital sign-monitoring empowerment, enlightening them on the importance of patient observation, encouraging ward nurses to use a wider range of patient assessment techniques to capture early signs of clinical deterioration, and helping ward nurses to develop clinical confidence to monitor clinical deterioration.</p

Table_2_The transcultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration scale.docx

BackgroundIn China, clinical deterioration events present a real problem for every clinical nurse. Patient deterioration is determined in part by nurses’ attitudes toward early recognition of clinical deterioration. However, research on attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration is still in its infancy, and even less research has been done on ward nurses’ attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration. To drive behavioral change and improve the care of deteriorating patients, nurses need comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to assess their attitudes toward early identification of deterioration.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to translate the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale into Chinese and to assess its validity and reliability tests.MethodsFrom March 2022 to July 2022, the ATREND scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted into the Chinese version using a modified Brislin translation model. Then, 460 ward nurses were recruited from tertiary Grade A general hospitals in two cities: Shenyang and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. Reliability analyses were conducted using internal consistency, split-half, and test–retest reliability. We convened a committee of experts to determine the validity of the content. Tests of the structural validity of the scale were conducted using exploratory and validation factor analyses.ResultsThe Cronbach’s α value of the Chinese version of the ATREND scale was 0.804, and the Cronbach’s α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.782 to 0.863. The split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were 0.846 and 0.711, respectively. Furthermore, the scale has an index of content validity of 0.922, indicating a high level of content validity. In exploratory factor analysis, eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot supported a three-factor structure. The three-factor model supported by this study was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the model fitting indexes (e.g., χ2/DF = 1.498, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.047) were all within acceptable limits based on the CFA.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the scale is reliable and valid among ward nurses. Nursing educators and clinicians will be able to develop targeted educational programs to enhance the competence and behaviors of Chinese ward nurses in recognizing clinical deterioration. It will be based on the developed scale to assess Chinese nurses’ attitudes and practices regarding early recognition of clinical deterioration. As a result, it is necessary to consider the Chinese scale’s three-factor structure. The developed three-factor structured scale will assess Chinese ward nurses’ attitudes and practices toward patient observation and vital sign-monitoring empowerment, enlightening them on the importance of patient observation, encouraging ward nurses to use a wider range of patient assessment techniques to capture early signs of clinical deterioration, and helping ward nurses to develop clinical confidence to monitor clinical deterioration.</p

Predicted Formation of H₃⁺ in Solid Halogen Polyhydrides at High Pressures

The structures of compressed halogen polyhydrides H_<i>n</i>X (X = F, Cl and <i>n</i> > 1) and their evolution under pressure are studied using <i>ab initio</i> calculation based on density functional theory. H_<i>n</i>F (<i>n</i> > 1) are metastable up to 300 GPa, whereas for H_<i>n</i>Cl (<i>n</i> > 1), four new stoichiometries (H₂Cl, H₃Cl, H₅Cl, and H₇Cl) are predicted to be stable at high pressures. Interestingly, triangular H₃⁺ species are unexpectedly found in stoichiometries H₂F with [H₃]⁺[HF₂]⁻, H₃F with [H₃]⁺[F]⁻, H₅F with [H₃]⁺[HF₂]⁻[H₂]₃, and H₅Cl with [H₃]⁺[Cl]⁻[H₂] above 100 GPa. Importantly, formation processes of H₃⁺ species are clearly seen on the basis of comparing bond lengths, bond overlap populations, electron localization functions, and Bader charges as a functions of pressure. Further analysis reveals that the formation of H₃⁺ species is attributed to the pressure-induced charge transfer from hydrogen atoms to halogen atoms

High Cytoplasmic FOXO1 and pFOXO1 Expression in Astrocytomas Are Associated with Worse Surgical Outcome

<div><p>FOXO1 is at a convergence point of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, which is one of the three core pathways implicated in glioblastoma. It was recently shown that FOXO1 can effectively induce glioma cell death and inhibit tumor growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We therefore evaluated FOXO1 and pFOXO1 protein expression in 181 primary astrocytoma samples and 16 normal brain samples. Astrocytoma samples expressed higher cytoplasmic FOXO1 and pFOXO1 than normal brain samples. Nuclear pFOXO1 level was significantly higher than nuclear FOXO1 in astrocytomas. High cytoplasmic FOXO1 expression was associated with older onset age (P = 0.001) and higher WHO grade (P = 0.001). The trend was also observed between cytoplasmic pFOXO1 expression and WHO grade although not significant. Univariate survival analysis showed that both high cytoplasmic FOXO1 and pFOXO1 expression indicated a significantly shorter median overall survival and progression-free survival. Multivariate survival analysis revealed cytoplasmic FOXO1 expression, cytoplasmic pFOXO1 expression, WHO grade, gender, extent of resection and radiotherapy to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival and progression-free survival. Thus, our data suggested that cytoplasmic FOXO1 and pFOXO1 expression may serve as valuable prognostic variables in astrocytomas and may have significant implications for the development and application of targeted therapy.</p></div