DataSheet_1_The MADS-box gene EjAGL15 positively regulates lignin deposition in the flesh of loquat fruit during its storage.docx

IntroductionLignification of fruit flesh is a common physiological disorder that occurs during post-harvest storage, resulting in the deterioration of fruit quality. Lignin deposition in loquat fruit flesh occurs due to chilling injury or senescence, at temperatures around 0°C or 20°C, respectively. Despite extensive research on the molecular mechanisms underlying chilling-induced lignification, the key genes responsible for the lignification process during senescence in loquat fruit remain unknown. MADS-box genes, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family, have been suggested to play a role in regulating senescence. However, it is still unclear whether MADS-box genes can regulate the lignin deposition that arises from fruit senescence.MethodsBoth senescence- and chilling-induced flesh lignification were simulated by applying temperature treatments on loquat fruits. The flesh lignin content during the storage was measured. Transcriptomic, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and correlation analysis were employed to identify key MADS-box genes that may be involved in flesh lignification. The Dual-luciferase assay was utilized to identify the potential interactions between MADS-box members and genes in phenylpropanoid pathway. Results and DiscussionThe lignin content of the flesh samples treated at 20°C or 0°C increased during storage, but at different rates. Results from transcriptome analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and correlation analysis led us to identify a senescence-specific MADS-box gene, EjAGL15, which correlated positively with the variation in lignin content of loquat fruit. Luciferase assay results confirmed that EjAGL15 activated multiple lignin biosynthesis-related genes. Our findings suggest that EjAGL15 functions as a positive regulator of senescence-induced flesh lignification in loquat fruit.</p

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Tags for Rapid and Homogeneous Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Presence of Human Whole Blood

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Tags for Rapid and Homogeneous Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Presence of Human Whole Bloo

Removal of Levofloxacin from aqueous solution by Magnesium-impregnated Biochar: batch and column experiments

<p>Adsorption of levofloxacin (LEV) onto four types of magnesium (Mg)-impregnated biochars, fabricated via thermal pyrolysis of wood chips pretreated with MgSO₄ was investigated. The Mg-impregnated biochars were characterized with various tools and techniques. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption kinetics and isotherms of LEV onto the Mg-impregnated biochars. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetic data better than the pseudo-first order kinetic model and the Elovich equation. Due to multi-mechanisms, the Freundlich model described the experimental isotherms better than the Langmuir model. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of the Mg-impregnated biochars to LEV ranged from 7.38 to 25.2 mg g⁻¹. In the fixed-bed column experiment, higher bed height and lower flow rate led to greater LEV removal. Findings from this work indicate that Mg-impregnated biochars can be used as an alternative adsorbent to effectively remove LEV from aqueous solutions.</p

Table1_Influence of Anemia on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergo Hysteromyoma Surgery.XLSX

Cognitive dysfunction is a common disease in aging population. This study aims to compare the influence of different degrees of anemia on the cognitive function of patients undergo hysteromyoma surgery. Sixty-one patients aged 18–60 years who underwent uterine fibroid surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from March 2019 to December 2020 were selected for this study. Patients were divided into three groups: group normal (Group N, patients have no anemia), group of mild anemia (Group Mi, patients have mild anemia) and group of moderate anemia (Group Mo, patients had moderate anemia). Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were administered. Cognitive function tests were performed 1 day before the surgery and repeated at the 5th and 30th days after surgery. Peripheral venous blood samples from patients were collected before the surgery, right after surgery and at the 24th and 72nd hours after surgery. The contents of S-100β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum samples were determined by ELISA. It was found that there were no significant differences in general characteristics of patients among Group N, Group Mi and Group Mo (p > 0.05). Nine patients developed postoperative cognitive dysfunction after surgery, and the incidence was 14.75% (9/61). The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was 40% in Group Mo, which was higher than that in Group N and Group Mi. The difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Taken together, this study suggested that moderate anemia could be a risk factor of POCD in patients undergoing hysteromyoma surgeries. This study will help surgeons developing measures for preventing the occurrence of POCD.</p

Alignment of multiple EjDHN amino acid sequences.

<p>Conserved amino acid sequences are indicated by pink boxes for the Y-segment; blue boxes for the S-segment; and red boxes for the other Y-segment.</p

Characteristics of loquat DHN protein sequence features.

<p>Characteristics of loquat DHN protein sequence features.</p

Leakage of electrolytes in loquat fruitlets from ‘FS-NHB’ and ‘FT-JJ’ when treated with temperatures below freezing.

<p>The data were presented as the mean ± SE (n  =  3).</p

Expression patterns of <i>EjDHN</i> genes in ‘FS-NHB’ and ‘FT-JJ’ fruitlets during freezing treatment.

<p>The level of actin expression was used to normalize the mRNA levels in each sample, and mRNA levels produced by Q-PCR are expressed relative to actin levels. The data were presented as means mean ± SE (n  =  3).</p

Physiological changes in ‘FS-NHB’ and ‘FT-JJ’ fruitlets during freezing treatment.

<p>A) O₂^{. −} generation rate; B) H₂O₂ content; C) MDA content; D) SOD activity; E) APX activity; F) CAT activity. The data were presented as the mean ± SE (n  =  3).</p

Phylogenetic analysis of dehydrin proteins from loquat, apple, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, and barley.

<p>An unrooted tree was generated using the MEGA5.0 program and neighbor-joining method. Proteins were arranged into classes I, II, III, and IV based on sequence similarities. GenBank accession numbers are as follows: seven loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>; Ej) dehydrins including EjDHN1 (FJ472835), EjDHN2 (FJ472836), EjDHN3 (KF277187), EjDHN4 (KF277188), EjDHN5 (KF277189), EjDHN6 (KF277190), and EjDHN7 (KF277191); nine apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>, Md) dehydrins including MdDHN1 (JQ649456), MdDHN2 (JQ649457), MdDHN3 (JQ649458), MdDHN4 (JQ649459), MdDHN5 (JQ649460), MdDHN6 (JQ649461), MdDHN7 (JQ649462), MdDHN8 (JQ649463), and MdDHN9 (JQ649464); ten <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (At) dehydrins including At1g20440 (AY11 4699), At1g20450 (AF360351), At1g54410 (NM_104319), At1g 76180 (AF339722), At2g21490 (BT000900), At3g50970 (NM_114957), At3g50980 (NM_114958), At4g38410 (NM_120003), At4g39130 (NM_120073), and At5g66400 (AY093779); and thirteen barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>, Hv) dehydrins including HvDHN1 (AF043087), HvDHN2 (AF181452), HvDHN3 (AF181453), HvDHN4 (AF181454), HvDHN5 (AF181455), HvDHN6 (AF181456), HvDHN7 (AF181457), HvDHN8 (AF181458), HvDHN9 (AF181459), HvDHN10 (AF181460), HvDHN11 (AF043086), HvDHN12 (AF155129), and HvDHN13 (AY681974).</p