Deformation pattern of the anterior leaf.

<p>a,b) two subsequent frames (spacing 1/30 s) from a video recording of the anterior leaf vibration. The horizontal white lines provide a reference for comparing the positions of the anterior rim of the leaf. c) schematic cross-section through the deforming anterior leaf, gray: cross-section of the anterior leaf at rest, black: cross-section of the anterior leaf when twitching forward.</p

Examples of biosonar pulse sequences with synchronized measurements of the velocity of the anterior rim of the noseleaf in the proximal-distal direction.

<p>a) example sequence with non-random motions of the anterior leaf. b) example sequence without non-random motions. For each example, the top graph shows the envelope of the sound pressure amplitude, the center graph the velocity, and the bottom graph the displacement amplitude of the anterior rim of the noseleaf in the proximal-distal direction. Positive velocities and displacements correspond to motions in the distal direction (i.e., away from the head).</p

Distribution of the position of the maximum displacement amplitudes within the pulse duration.

<p>a) position of the maximum displacement within the pulse as a function of pulse length, b) histogram of the position of the maximum displacement within each pulse in percent of pulse duration. In a), different marker shapes denote different individuals and different gray levels of the marker faces (including black and white) signify different pulse sequences. The dashed line in a) marks the pulse duration, i.e., all the points falling below this line indicates that the maximum displacement never occurred after the end of the pulse.</p

Estimation of the temporal position of the maximum displacement within the pulse.

<p>a) sound-pressure envelope with amplitude threshold used to determine the pulse time window, b) position of the maximum displacement (circle) within the pulse time window.</p

Joint distribution of the recorded pulse data set over maximum motion amplitudes and recorded sound pressure levels.

<p>a) distribution of sound pressure amplitude values for pulses without detectable motions of the anterior leaf, b) joint distribution of the analyzed pulses with respect to displacement and sound pressure level. In b), different marker shapes denote different individuals and different gray levels of the marker faces signify different pulse sequences. The pulse data and encoding of the individuals and sequences is the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034685#pone-0034685-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>. Arrows mark the two pulse sequences that fell outside the range of sound pressure amplitude covered by the pulses not accompanied with detectable anterior leaf motions.</p