sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221134628 – Supplemental material for Head-Up Display Graphic Warning to Support Collision Avoidance: Effect of Graphic Animation and Border on Driving Behavior and Eye Movement Pattern

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221134628 for Head-Up Display Graphic Warning to Support Collision Avoidance: Effect of Graphic Animation and Border on Driving Behavior and Eye Movement Pattern by Yuwei Wang, Jiaqing Song, Xiaojiang An, Shu Ma, Hongting Li, Duming Wang and Zhen Yang in Transportation Research Record</p

Convenient Self-Heating Instant Food Causes Significant Increasing Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters

The self-heating lunch box (SHLB) is a kind of popular instant food in China, yet little is known about the associated chemical release risk during its heating process. In this study, we investigated organophosphate esters (OPEs) in original unheated food (UF), SHLB-heated processed food (HF) and potential OPE release from SHLB packaging materials. Significantly higher concentrations of OPEs were observed in HF (267 ± 246 ng/g dry weight (dw)) than in UF (163 ± 211 ng/g dw) (p < 0.001), suggesting an introduction of additional OPEs during heating processes. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate exhibited the highest absolute increased amounts, with 137, 48.8, and 149% growth in HF than in UF, respectively. Migration testing revealed that packaging materials were rich in OPEs and can release considerable OPEs into food simulates (range, 14.7–90.8 ng/g; mean, 47.9 ± 21.8). Influencing factors (temperature, contact time, oily food) on OPE migration from packaging materials to food were assessed. Higher temperature and longer contact time increased OPE contents in food simulates. Moreover, the presence of abundant OPEs in UF and significant correlations among different OPEs (p < 0.05) suggested contamination happened during food processing and storage. With one SHLB meal a day, a 12-fold increase of OPE intake was observed for humans compared to those following a traditional dietary habit. In the high-exposure (95th percentile) scenario, hazard quotients of nine OPEs ranged from 0.00005 to 0.05. Our results suggested that the SHLB exposure pathway of OPEs should be particularly paid attention to in specific subpopulations that prefer this dietary habit

sj-pdf-1-trr-10.1177_03611981231196146 – Supplemental material for Are Warnings Suitable for Presentation in Head-Up Display? A Meta-Analysis for the Effect of Head-Up Display Warning on Driving Performance

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trr-10.1177_03611981231196146 for Are Warnings Suitable for Presentation in Head-Up Display? A Meta-Analysis for the Effect of Head-Up Display Warning on Driving Performance by Liuqingcheng Niu, Sike Gao, Jinlei Shi, Changxu Wu, Yuwei Wang, Shu Ma, Duming Wang, Zhen Yang and Hongting Li in Transportation Research Record</p

A Qualitative Exploration of a User-Centered Model for Smartwatch Comfort Using Grounded Theory

Smartwatch comfort is a fundamental factor that significantly influences the user experience and provides crucial guidance for the evolution of wearable technology. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive theoretical model to describe the dimensions of smartwatch comfort and their corresponding influencing factors. Therefore, the present study employed a bottom-up grounded theory approach to construct a user-centered model for smartwatch comfort. Through the coding of in-depth interviews with 64 smartwatch users, we discovered that smartwatch comfort encompasses both physiological dimensions (e.g., pressure and foreign body sensation) and psychological dimensions (e.g., perceived intelligence and satisfaction of needs). Furthermore, the features of smartwatches, including physical attributes (e.g., size and material) and functionalities (e.g., interoperability and automation capabilities), directly impact the comfort experience. Additionally, individual and contextual factors can explain variations in the comfort experience of smartwatches. Users with different physiological characteristics (e.g., wrist size and body sensitivity) and psychological needs (e.g., utilitarian or hedonic needs) are influenced differently by the factors of smartwatches that affect their comfort experience. The adaptability of smartwatches across different contexts (including task context, social context, and temporal context) is also a significant influencing factor on comfort. This substantive grounded theory provides crucial guidance for the selection of core variables in future quantitative research and contributes to the development of smarter, more comfortable, and user-centric smartwatches.</p

Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, excretion and safety of iruplinalkib (WX-0593), a novel ALK inhibitor, in healthy subjects: a phase I human radiolabeled mass balance study

Iruplinalkib is a novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for the treatment of ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant NSCLC. A single oral dose of 120 mg/3.7 MBq [14C]iruplinalkib was administered to healthy subjects. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected and analyzed for iruplinalkib and its metabolites. The safety of iruplinalkib was also assessed. Iruplinalkib was absorbed quickly and eliminated slowly from plasma, with a Tmax of 1.5 h and t1/2 of 28.6 h. About 88.85% of iruplinalkib was excreted at 312 h, including 20.23% in urine and 68.63% in feces. Seventeen metabolites of iruplinalkib were identified, and M3b (demethylation), M7 (cysteine conjugation), M11 (oxidative dehydrogenation and cysteine conjugation of M3b) and M12 (oxidative dehydrogenation and cysteine conjugation) were considered the prominent metabolites in humans. Iruplinalkib-related compounds were found to be covalently bound to proteins, accounting for 7.70% in plasma and 17.96% in feces, which suggested chemically reactive metabolites were formed. There were no serious adverse events observed in the study. Iruplinalkib was widely metabolized and excreted mainly through feces in humans. Unchanged iruplinalkib, cysteine conjugates and covalent protein binding products were the main drug-related compounds in circulation. Iruplinalkib was well tolerated at the study dose. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: Anonymized).</p