Characteristics of HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients following 2-year treatment with NAs.

Characteristics of HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients following 2-year treatment with NAs.</p

HBeAg Seroconversion in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analog Treatment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>HBeAg seroconversion is an important intermediate outcome in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) on HBeAg seroconversion in treating CHB with lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Network meta-analysis of NA treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversion after 1–2 years of treatment was performed. In addition, NA treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversion after 3–5 years of treatment was systematically evaluated.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 31 articles were included in this study. Nine and five studies respectively reporting on 1- and 2-year treatment were included in our network meta-analysis. In addition, 6, 5, and 5 studies, respectively reporting on 3-, 4-, and 5-year treatment were included in our systematic evaluation. Telbivudine showed a significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate after a 1 year treatment period compared to the other NAs (odds ratio (OR) = 3.99, 95% CI 0.68–23.6). This was followed by tenofovir (OR = 3.36, 95% CI 0.70–16.75). Telbivudine also showed a higher seroconversion rate compared to the other NAs after a 2 year treatment period, (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.92–2.22). This was followed by entecavir (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.72–1.72). No significant difference was observed between spontaneous induction and long-term telbivudine treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversion. However, entecavir and tenofovir treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversions were significantly lower than spontaneous seroconversion.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Long-term treatment with potent anti-HBV drugs, especially tenofovir and entecavir, may reduce HBeAg seroconversion compared with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion rate. Telbivudine treatment, whether short term or long term, is associated with higher HBeAg seroconversion compared with the other NAs. However, the high rates of drug resistance likely limit the application of telbivudine.</p></div

Estimated probabilities for each drug to be ranked as HBeAg seroconversion after a 2-year treatment.

<p>Estimated probabilities for each drug to be ranked as HBeAg seroconversion after a 2-year treatment.</p

Divergent Total Synthesis of Triptolide, Triptonide, Tripdiolide, 16-Hydroxytriptolide, and Their Analogues

A divergent route was developed for the formal total synthesis of triptolide, triptonide, and tripdiolide, as well as a total synthesis of 16-hydroxytriptolide and their analogues in an enantioselective form. Common advanced intermediate <b>5</b> was concisely assembled by employing an indium­(III)-catalyzed cationic polycyclization reaction and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation–lactone formation reaction as key steps. This advanced intermediate was readily converted to the above natural products by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling or the Claisen rearrangement reaction as key steps. Additionally, preliminary structure–cytotoxic activity relationship studies of C13 suggested that it might be a new modification site that could still retain the cytotoxicity

Estimated probabilities for each drug to be ranked for HBeAg seroconversion after 1-year treatment.

<p>Estimated probabilities for each drug to be ranked for HBeAg seroconversion after 1-year treatment.</p

Overview of treatment strategies.

Lines represent direct (head-to-head) comparisons.</p

Divergent Total Synthesis of Triptolide, Triptonide, Tripdiolide, 16-Hydroxytriptolide, and Their Analogues

A divergent route was developed for the formal total synthesis of triptolide, triptonide, and tripdiolide, as well as a total synthesis of 16-hydroxytriptolide and their analogues in an enantioselective form. Common advanced intermediate 5 was concisely assembled by employing an indium­(III)-catalyzed cationic polycyclization reaction and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation–lactone formation reaction as key steps. This advanced intermediate was readily converted to the above natural products by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling or the Claisen rearrangement reaction as key steps. Additionally, preliminary structure–cytotoxic activity relationship studies of C13 suggested that it might be a new modification site that could still retain the cytotoxicity

Odds ratios of HBeAg seroconversion after 2-year treatment as revealed by network meta-analysis.

<p>Odds ratios of HBeAg seroconversion after 2-year treatment as revealed by network meta-analysis.</p

Multi-objective prediction and optimization of performance of three-layer latent heat storage unit based on intermittent charging and discharging strategies

An intermittent heat charging and discharging strategy is proposed for on-demand thermal utilization in a three-layer latent heat storage unit filled with nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials. To optimize the utilization ratio of phase change materials, and the stored and released thermal exergy amounts, a multi-objective prediction and optimization methodology combining orthogonal experimental design, range and variance analyses, multi-nonlinear regression models, and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is introduced while considering the variables of nanoparticle concentration, heat transfer fluid velocity, and intermittent time interval. Results show that the time interval presents the most significant influence. Multi-nonlinear regression models for the above three variables are established with determination factors of 0.9871, 0.9625, and 0.9253, respectively. The ultimate optimal results are 0.8, 57094.03 J, and 43066.73 J, achieved at the three variables of 44.37 min, 0.38 m s−1 and 8.99%, respectively. The maximum verification error of 5.11% indicates the reliability of this methodology. The methodology aims to enhance the overall performance of the three-layer latent heat storage system by mitigating the constraints associated with single-performance optimization

Divergent Total Synthesis of Triptolide, Triptonide, Tripdiolide, 16-Hydroxytriptolide, and Their Analogues

A divergent route was developed for the formal total synthesis of triptolide, triptonide, and tripdiolide, as well as a total synthesis of 16-hydroxytriptolide and their analogues in an enantioselective form. Common advanced intermediate <b>5</b> was concisely assembled by employing an indium­(III)-catalyzed cationic polycyclization reaction and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation–lactone formation reaction as key steps. This advanced intermediate was readily converted to the above natural products by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling or the Claisen rearrangement reaction as key steps. Additionally, preliminary structure–cytotoxic activity relationship studies of C13 suggested that it might be a new modification site that could still retain the cytotoxicity