Duration and occurrence status of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> moths captured in the searchlight trap on BeiHuang Island from May to October 2003–2016.

<p>Duration and occurrence status of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> moths captured in the searchlight trap on BeiHuang Island from May to October 2003–2016.</p

Maps showing different climate zones in China (left) and the position of BeiHhuang Island, the searchlight trapping site (right), relative to the Bohai and yellow seas.

<p>Maps showing different climate zones in China (left) and the position of BeiHhuang Island, the searchlight trapping site (right), relative to the Bohai and yellow seas.</p

Population abundance and seasonal increase of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> measured by searchlight trap on BeiHuang Island.

<p>Population abundance and seasonal increase of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> measured by searchlight trap on BeiHuang Island.</p

First capture of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> moths in the searchlight trap on BeiHhuang Island from April to October 2003–2016.

<p>Note: (○) indicates the predicted date of first capture based on the cumulative growing degree-days (GDD), and (●) indicates the actual date observed by searchlight trap.</p

Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.

<p>Estimated resistance allele frequency for major non-recessive resistance alleles with Bayesian 95% credibility intervals for field-collected <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> individual female lines (<i>n</i> = 212) to Bt corn hybrids.</p

Diapause termination rate of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs being watered at different times during the post-diapause stage.

<p>The lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Diapause termination rate of diapausing <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs exposed to different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>The different lowercase letters indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Relationship between pre-hatching period (<i>P</i>) of diapausing eggs and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) under warm long day conditions.

<p>The triangle (Δ), inverted triangle, the cross (×) and bar (┬) indicate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of the pre-hatching period in each treatment, respectively. The time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i>) was 24, 35, 53, 63, 76, 84, 95 and 109 days, respectively. The exponential curve indicates the relationship (<i>P</i> = 72.53 exp (0.0037 <i>T</i>_<i>1</i>)) between the pre-hatching period and time to watering.</p

The post-diapause development duration of <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i> eggs with different water treatments during chilling at 4°C.

<p>NDE represents the developmental duration of non-diapause eggs. The different lowercase letters above each box indicated significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p

Effect of Water on Survival and Development of Diapausing Eggs of <i>Apolygus lucorum</i> (Hemiptera: Miridae) - Fig 5

<p><b>The relationship between post-diapause development duration (A) and watering-to-hatching period of resumed development (B) and the time to watering (<i>T</i></b>_{<b><i>2</i></b>}<b>) in post-diapause stage for <i>A</i>. <i>lucorum</i>.</b> The triangle (Δ), inverted triangle, the cross (×) and bar (┬) indicate the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of development duration in each treatment, respectively. NDE represents the developmental duration of non-diapause eggs. The thick solid curve indicates the relationship between post-diapause development duration (<i>Dp</i>) and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) (dry days experienced) described by <i>Dp</i> = 19.12 + (31.08–19.12) / (1 + exp ((8.90—<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) / 0.56)). The thin dashed curve indicates the relationship between development duration of the post-diapause stage for the first hatchlings (<i>D</i>_<i>p1</i>) and time to watering (<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) described by <i>D</i>_<i>p1</i> = 8.32 + (26.91–8.32) / (1 + exp ((10.07—<i>T</i>_<i>2</i>) / 3.13)). The lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the probability level of 0.05.</p