Supplemental Material - The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats

Supplemental Material for The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats by Jiayue Qing, Hongmei Zhou, Li Hu, Zhipeng Zhu in European Journal of Inflammation.</p

Supplemental Material - The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats

Supplemental Material for The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats by Jiayue Qing, Hongmei Zhou, Li Hu, Zhipeng Zhu in European Journal of Inflammation.</p

Supplemental Material - The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats

Supplemental Material for The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats by Jiayue Qing, Hongmei Zhou, Li Hu, Zhipeng Zhu in European Journal of Inflammation.</p

Forest plot of the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia after cardiac surgery with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine.

Forest plot of the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia after cardiac surgery with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine.</p

Does dexmedetomidine have an antiarrhythmic effect on cardiac patients? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

<div><p>Background</p><p>Cardiac surgery patients often experience several types of tachyarrhythmias after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), which increases mortality and morbidity. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a popular medicine used for sedation in the ICU, and its other pharmacological characteristics are gradually being uncovered.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>To determine whether DEX has an antiarrhythmic effect after cardiac surgery.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The three primary databases MEDLINE, Embase (OVID SP) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched, and all English-language and randomized control-designed clinical publications comparing DEX to control medicines for sedation after elective cardiac surgery were included. Two colleagues independently extracted the data and performed other quality assessments. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the different medicines used and whether cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was applied. All tachyarrhythmias that occurred in the atria and ventricles were analyzed.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 1295 patients in 9 studies met the selection criteria among 2587 studies that were screened. After quantitative synthesis, our results revealed that the DEX group was associated with a lower incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.64, I² = 0%, P = 0.005) than the control group. Subgroup analysis did not reveal a significant difference between the DEX and propofol subgroups (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.56, I² = 0%, P = 0.007). Additionally, no difference in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was observed regardless of the different control medicines (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60–1.10, I² = 25%, P = 0.19) or whether CPB was applied.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This meta-analysis revealed that DEX has an antiarrhythmic effect that decreases the incidence of VA compared to other drugs used for sedation following cardiac surgery. DEX may not have an effect on AF, but cautious interpretation should be exercised due to high heterogeneity.</p></div

Study flow diagram.

<p>Study flow diagram.</p

Forest plot of the incidence of AF among patients after cardiac surgery under CPB with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine and the subgroup analysis.

<p>Forest plot of the incidence of AF among patients after cardiac surgery under CPB with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine and the subgroup analysis.</p

Forest plot of the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery with sedation by DEX compared to different medicines and the subgroup analysis.

<p>Forest plot of the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery with sedation by DEX compared to different medicines and the subgroup analysis.</p

Forest plot of the sensitivity analysis of the incidence of AF among patients after cardiac surgery under CPB with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine.

<p>Forest plot of the sensitivity analysis of the incidence of AF among patients after cardiac surgery under CPB with sedation by DEX compared to control medicine.</p

Characteristics of the included studies.

<p>Characteristics of the included studies.</p