Additional file 3 of The molecular mechanism of circRHOBTB3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by serving as the ceRNA of miR-23a-3p

Additional file 3

Summary of adult lifespan assays in various mutant backgrounds.

<p>All the assays were carried out at 20°C and on regular NGM plates. For Set #4, assays were carried out on plates containing FuDR (50 µg/ml) to avoid the internal hatching of the <i>asm-3(ok1744);age-1(mg305)</i> mutant animals. Each experiment was individually grouped and statistical analyses were carried out for the experiment data set and the wild-type control data set in each group (P values). In addition, statistical analyses were carried out for the survival data of the assayed single mutant (marked as *) and the corresponding double mutant containing the <i>asm-3(ok1744)</i> allele (*P values). In Set #6, P value between <i>asm-3(ok1744)</i> and <i>asm-3(ok1744);akt-1(mg306)</i> is 0.064. Each set of the lifespan experiments was repeated at least two independent times and similar results were obtained. Data from representative sets of experiments are shown. Greater than 50 worms were counted for each strain in each experiment.</p

Additional file 2 of The molecular mechanism of circRHOBTB3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by serving as the ceRNA of miR-23a-3p

Additional file 2

Table_1_Decision-making style explains the withdrawal behavior of shy individuals: evidence from Chinese college students.XLSX

Few studies have examined the mechanisms linking motivated behavior and reward–punishment stimuli in shy individuals. This study was designed to probe these mechanisms by examining shy and non-shy college student responses to both monetary rewards and penalties in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Specifically, out of the 280 undergraduates surveyed in East China, 45 participants (18 boys) identified as shy and 45 (19 boys) identified as non-shy based on their shyness questionnaire scores were selected to participate in the IGT. Results revealed that shy participants selected favorable low-risk seeking decks (deck C) more frequently and adverse high-risk seeking decks (deck B) less frequently and were more inclined to change deck selection after incurring a net loss. Furthermore, the net score of shy students was higher than that of nonshy students. Results demonstrated that shy people were the winners of IGT games, indicating that they are more likely to exhibit risk-averse behaviors when making decisions. The results are discussed from the perspective of the decision-making style and practical implications of shy individuals.</p

A model of <i>asm-3</i> function.

<p><i>asm-3</i> functions downstream of <i>daf-2</i>, acting either in parallel to <i>age-1</i>/<i>aap-1</i> (A) or working together with <i>age-1/aap-1</i> (B), leading to activation of <i>pdk-1</i> and <i>akt-1,</i> and then suppression of <i>daf-16.</i></p

Effects of ASM inhibitors on lifespan regulation and enzyme activity in <i>C. elegans</i>.

<p>Lifespan assays were carried out at 20°C. (A) and (B) Wild-type (N2) animals were plated on plates containing 30 µM desipramine (A), 5 µM clomipramine (B) or vehicle control (0 µM in panel A or B). A significant lifespan extension was observed in either desipramine-treated or clomipramine-treated wild-type animals as compared to vehicle control wild-type animals (24% increase and P<0.0001 for desipramine-treated wild-type animal; 14% increase and P = 0.0012 for clomipramine-treated wild-type animals). (C) and (D) The <i>daf-16(mgDf47)</i> mutant animals were plated on plates containing 30 µM desipramine (C), 5 µM clomipramine (D) or vehicle control (0 µM in panel C or D). No lifespan extension was observed in drug-treated <i>daf-16(mgDf47)</i> null mutant animals. Mean lifespan and P values for the experiments represented here are listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045890#pone-0045890-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>. (E) Desipramine and clomipramine each inhibited CeASM activity. Synchronized L1 animals were treated with desipramine, clomipramine or vehicle control (see Material and Methods for details). Lysates were prepared from L4 animals and assays were performed in duplicates using [¹⁴C]-sphingomyelin. CeASM activities from all samples were normalized against that in the vehicle control (100%). Desipramine or clomipramine treatment each decreased CeASM activity by 78% or 77%, respectively (T-test *P<0.001 for desipramine and **P<0.001 clomipramine vs. vehicle control, respectively).</p

Additional file 4 of The molecular mechanism of circRHOBTB3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by serving as the ceRNA of miR-23a-3p

Additional file 4

Data_Sheet_1_Decision-making style explains the withdrawal behavior of shy individuals: evidence from Chinese college students.PDF

Few studies have examined the mechanisms linking motivated behavior and reward–punishment stimuli in shy individuals. This study was designed to probe these mechanisms by examining shy and non-shy college student responses to both monetary rewards and penalties in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Specifically, out of the 280 undergraduates surveyed in East China, 45 participants (18 boys) identified as shy and 45 (19 boys) identified as non-shy based on their shyness questionnaire scores were selected to participate in the IGT. Results revealed that shy participants selected favorable low-risk seeking decks (deck C) more frequently and adverse high-risk seeking decks (deck B) less frequently and were more inclined to change deck selection after incurring a net loss. Furthermore, the net score of shy students was higher than that of nonshy students. Results demonstrated that shy people were the winners of IGT games, indicating that they are more likely to exhibit risk-averse behaviors when making decisions. The results are discussed from the perspective of the decision-making style and practical implications of shy individuals.</p

Additional file 1 of The molecular mechanism of circRHOBTB3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by serving as the ceRNA of miR-23a-3p

Additional file 1

A framework to assess the value of subgroup analyses when the overall treatment effect is significant

<p>Although subgroup analysis has been developed and widely used for many years, it is still not clear whether we should perform and how to perform such subgroup analyses when the overall treatment effect is significant. In this paper, we develop a framework to assess and compute the long-term impact of different strategies to perform subgroup analysis. We propose two performance measures: the average gain for patients in the future (E) and the probability of recommending a change to a worse treatment at individual patient level (P). Five families of decision rules are applied under different assumptions for the individual treatment effect (TE) variation. Three distributions reflecting optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic scenarios are assumed for true treatment effects across studies. This framework allows us to compare subgroup analyses decision rules, and we demonstrate through simulation studies that there are decision rules for subgroup analysis which can decrease P and increase E simultaneously compared to the situation of no subgroup analysis. These rules are much more liberal than the usual superiority testing. The latter typically implies a dramatic decrease in E.</p