Vastine Juha Lapin kommenttipuheenvuoroon

Puheenvuor

Yksityiskohtaisen metsävaratiedon tuottaminen – kohti täsmämetsätaloutta?

Tieteen tori: Yksityiskohtainen metsävaratiet

Mallin dokumentaation varmistaminen jatkuvien koneoppimisjärjestelmien kehityksessä

Context: Over the past years, the development of machine learning (ML) enabled software has seen a rise in popularity. Alongside this trend, new challenges have been identified, such as growing concerns about the use, including the ethical concerns, of ML models, as misuse can lead to severe consequences for human beings. To alleviate this problem, more comprehensive model documentation has been suggested, but how can that documentation be made part of a modern, continuous development process? Objective: We design and develop a solution, which consists of a software artefact and its surrounding process, which enables and moderates continuous documentation of ML models. The solution needs to comply with the modern way-of-working of software development. Method: We apply the design science research methodology to divide the design and development into six separate tasks, i.e., problem identification, objective definition, design and development, demonstration, evaluation, and communication. Results: The solution uses model cards for storing model details. These model cards are tested automatically and manually, forming a quality gate and ensuring integrity of the documentation. The software artefact is implemented in the form of a GitHub Action. Conclusion: We conclude that the software artefact supports and assures proper model documentation in the form of a model card. The artefact allows for customization by the user, thereby supporting domain-specific use cases

Heikkotuottoisten ojitettujen soiden puustoinventointi Maanmittauslaitoksen laserkeilausaineistoa hyödyntäen

TutkimusselosteSeloste artikkelista: Niemi, M., Vastaranta, M., Peuhkurinen, J. & Holopainen, M. 2015. Forest inventory attribute prediction using airborne laser scanning in low-productive forestry-drained boreal peatlands. Silva Fennica 49(2), article id 121

Comparison of area-based and individual tree-based methods for predicting plot-level forest attributes

Peer reviewe

Puustobiomassan kartoituksen ja seurannan kehittäminen

Tieteen tori: Luonnonvarariskien hallint

Tuuli- ja lumituhojen kartoitus ja mallinnus useampiaikaisten kaukokartoituspintamallien avulla

Tieteen tori: Luonnonvarariskien hallint

Effect of airborne laser scanning accuracy on forest stock and yield estimates

The main objective of the study was to assess the magnitude of uncertainty of airborne laser scanning (ALS) -based forest inventory data in forest net present value (NPV) computations. A starting point was the current state of change in operative forest-planning in which traditional standwise field inventories (SWFI) are being replaced by area-based ALS inventories (A_ALS). The more detailed objectives were as follows: 1) to investigate the significance of the accuracy of current (SWFI, A_ALS) and future (ALS individual tree detection (ITD)) forest inventory methodologies applied in the timing of simulated loggings and in NPV computations, 2) to compare the forest-planning inventory methods currently applied with respect to the accuracy of the timber assortment information derived, 3) to investigate the sources of uncertainty related to the estimation of timber assortment volumes and economic values in forest management-planning simulations and 4) to compare the uncertainty related to inventory accuracy, growth models and timber price development in NPV computations at the stand- and forest property-level, using various interest rates. The study was carried out, using empirical and simulated forest inventory data, forest management-planning calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. It was shown that forest inventory errors led to significant mistiming of simulated loggings and subsequent prominent losses in simulated NPV. The most significant source of error in the prediction of timber assortment outturns was SWFI and A_ALS inventory error. The errors related to stem distribution generation, stem form prediction and bucking simulation were significant but considerably lower in magnitude than the inventory error. A_ALS interpretation led to accuracy levels similar to or better than that of SWFI. At the stand-level the growth models used in forest-planning simulation computations were the greatest source of uncertainty with respect to NPVs computed throughout the rotation period. Uncertainty almost as great was caused by A_ALS and SWFI data uncertainty, while the uncertainty caused by fluctuation in timber prices was considerably lower in magnitude. Forest property level deals with a considerably lesser degree of NPV deviation than does stand-level: A_ALS inventory errors were the most prominent source of uncertainty, leading to a 5.1-7.5% relative deviation in property-level NPV when an interest rate of 3% was applied. A_ALS inventory error-related uncertainty resulted in significant bias in property-level NPV estimates. The study forms a basis for developing practical methodologies for taking uncertainty into account in forest property valuation

The Hidden Cairns : A Case Study of Drone-Based ALS as an Archaeological Site Survey Method

Conducting archaeological site surveys is time consuming, and large sites may have many small features or structures that are difficult to locate and interpret. Vegetation cover and dense forest hide small structures, like cairns, while at the same time forest cover can cause problems for LiDAR tools. In this case study, drone-based ALS (airborne laser scanning) was tested as an archaeological site survey tool. The research site was complex and located partially in a forested area, which made it possible to evaluate how forest cover affects data. The survey methods used were rather simple: visual analysis, point density calculations in the forest area, and, for site interpretation purposes, digitizing observations and viewshed analysis. Using straightforward methods allowed us to evaluate the minimum time and skills needed for this type of survey. Drone-based ALS provided good results and increased knowledge of the site and its structures. Estimates of the number of cairns interpreted as graves more than doubled as a result of the high-accuracy ALS data. Based on the results of this study, drone-based ALS could be a suitable high-accuracy survey method for large archaeological sites. However, forest cover affects the accuracy, and more research is needed

Forest Certification and Country of Origin : Choice Experiment Analysis of Outdoor Decking Material Selection in E-Commerce Market in Finland

Since the early 1990s, there has been hope that the uptake of certified forest products would ensure more sustainable forest management and also deliver business benefits along the value chain. Our study applies a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to model an e-commerce purchase in the case of multiple products with various attribute and certification combinations in the Finnish retail outdoor decking material market. We received 2772 responses from 231 participants in an online survey. Applying conditional logit and latent class models, we were able to assess the relative importance of attributes, identify various consumer segments, and simulate various scenarios for communicating the certification and origin of forest products and competing materials. Our results show that the most important attribute for consumer decision-making was the outdoor decking material followed by price, origin, and certification. Some consumer segments showed a habit of only choosing certain materials or domestic products, while paying less attention to other product attributes. Simulations for an e-commerce purchase situation also implied that communications concerning intangible product attributes, such as domestic origin and environmental certifications, could be used in the brand building of the forest sector to gain competitive advantage and increased market shares over other sectors. The results suggest that the conventional and constantly developing e-commerce marketing tools should be harnessed also in forest product and more general environmental marketing.Peer reviewe