Biomass Estimation, Carbon Storage and Energy Content of Three Virgin Jungle Reserves in Peninsular Malaysia

Suatu kajian terhadap biomasa, penyimpanan Carbon dan kandungan energi telah dilakukan di tiga Virgin Jungle Reserve (VJR) yang mewakili zona geografi yang berbeda, yaitu Mata Ayer VJR, Perlis, Bukit Bauk VJR, Terengganu dan Gunung Pulai VJR, Johor, Semenanjung Malaysia. Plot tunggal seluas 2 hektar (100 m x 200 m) telah dibuat di masing-masing VJR. Plot kemudian dibagi menjadi 50 subplot seluas 20 x 20 m2. Semua pohon > 5 cm setinggi dada, telah ditandakan dengan alumunium bernomor, diukur dan spesimen voucher dikumpulkan. Hasilnya menunjukkan kepadatan pohon di Mata Ayer VJR sebanyak 1171 individu/ha, Bukit Bauk VJR sebanyak 1351 individu/ha dan Gunung Pulai VJR sebanyak 1035 individu/ha. Jumlah biomasa di atas tanah, Mata Ayer VJR = 402.6 t/h, Bukit Bauk VJR = 551.2 t/ha dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 320.6 t/ha. Sedangkan jumlah penyimpanan Carbon di atas tanah untuk Mata Ayer VJR = 201.3 t/h, Bukit Bauk VJR = 250.6 t/h dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 160.3 t/ha. Kandungan energi di atas tanah untuk Mata Ayer VJR = 154.97 toe, Bukit Bauk VJR=212.17 toe, dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 123.41toe

Keanekaragaman Hayati Flora Di Indonesia

Indonesia merupakan negara kepuluauan seluas sekitar 9 juta km2 yang terletak diantara dua samudra dan dua benua dengan jumlah pulau sekitar 17.500 buah yang panjang garis pantainya sekitar 95.181 km. Kondisi geografis tersebut menyebabkan negara Indonesia menjadi suatu negara megabiodiversitas walaupun luasnya hanya sekitar 1,3% dari luas bumi. Dalam dunia tumbuhan, flora di wilayah Indonesia termasuk bagian dari flora dari Malesiana yang diperkirakan memiliki sekitar 25% dari spesies tumbuhan berbunga yang ada di dunia yang menempati urutan negara terbesar ketujuh dengan jumlah spesies mencapai 20.000 spesies, 40%-nya merupakan tumbuhan endemik atau asli Indonesia. Negara Indonesia termasuk negara dengan tingkat keterancaman dan kepunahan spesies tumbuhan tertinggi di dunia. Saat ini tercatat sekitar 240 spesies tanaman dinyatakan langka, diantaranya banyak yang merupakan spesies tanaman budidaya. Selain itu, sekitar 36 spesies pohon di Indonesia dinyatakan terancam punah, termasuk kayu ulin di Kalimantan Selatan, sawo kecik di Jawa Timur, Bali Barat, dan Sumbawa, kayu hitam di Sulawesi, dan kayu pandak di Jawa serta ada sekitar 58 spesies tumbuhan yang berstatus dilindungi

Analisis Faktor Ekologi Tumbuhan Langka Rotan Beula Ceratolobus Glaucescens Blume Di Cagar Alam Sukawayana Sukabumi Jawa Barat

Indonesian forest possesses a huge number of rare plants species but support of data and information that have supported preservation action was not available optimally. One of rare plant is rotan beula (Ceratolobus galucescens Blume). The aims of this study is to determine the structure, composition, and diversity vegetation which grows at habitat of rotan beula; to know the population condition of rotan beula; and to identify the ecological factors of rotan beula. Data was collected from 7 of circular plot sample. The width of every circular plot was 0.1 ha. The processing and analysis of data was done using Minitab's program version 14. The result showed the condition of rotan beula populations was well, they still grow normally. This conditions was described with young age (446 individuals) is more than the total of Rotan beula in old age (162 individuals). The sustainability of rotan beula population at Sukawayana Natural Reserve (SNR) was being threatened by society activity surround the SNR. The other, the abundance of Rotan beula was affected by density of pole level (n=7; t=7.81; p=0.001) and relative humidity of air (n=7; t=12.10; p=0.000). It can be formulated with regression: rotan beula density = -1155 + 0.154 density of pole + 13.9 relative humidity of air. The R2 value of formulation was 98,53%

Penentuan Bentuk dan Ukuran Plot Contoh Optimal Pengukuran Keanekaragaman Spesies Tumbuhan di Hutan Pegunungan Bawah

Several recent books have focused on the importance of biological diversity but none contain precise methodologies to measure it. The purpose of this study is to determine the shape and size optimal sampling plot to measure the plant species diversity in highland tropical rain forest base in a case study on the Betung Kerihun National Park (TNBK). Data were collected in the TNBK, Kapuas Hulu Regency , East Kalimantan on July till August 2015. The data collection was carried out by making five shape sampling plot such as rectangle and square with different size. Variables collected are the number of individuals species of plant from seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. Data were analyzed using Annnova test and least significance difference (BNT). The result showed that the total species richness observed on squares and rectangles plot respectively 306 , 761 , 142 , 265 , and 156 species of plants with the dominant are Dipterocarpaceae Family. The optimal dimensions plot for measurement the plant diversity are rectangular shape with dimensions of length adhering the contour with a size 50x200 m2

Pendugaan Perubahan Cadangan Karbon di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan

Global warming effect can be mitigated in two ways, namely carbon loss reduction or emission and increasing carbon storage within vegetation. Forest can absorb CO2 trough photosynthesis process and sink them in biomass. Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) as a part of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) have been facing land cover change due to encroachment. The study aimed to measure carbon stocks in various land cover and to compare carbon stocks for the whole are of TWNC TNBBS in 2000-2009. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in TWNC TNBBS during August 8th to October 8th 2009, 50 plots were sampled including nature forest, secondary forest, agroforestry, shrub, Imperata cylindrica , and grassland by purposive sampling method. Soil carbon was not measured in this study. Nature forest has the highest carbon stocks by 178,44 MgC.ha-1, and grassland be a poorest carbon stocks (1,47 MgC.ha-1). During the time between 2000 to 2009, primary forest carbon stock decrease in amount of 457,792.52 Mg along with the decrease in land cover of this forest type. As many as 24.4% of natural forests in 2000 turned into the others type of land use such as a secondary forest of 21.63%, for shrubs 1.61% and 0.06% for agroforestry in 2009. Totally, TWNC TNBBS has loss its carbon stocks as many as 279422 Mg, it's mean the annual average carbon stocks contained in the TWNC TNBBS area decreased by around 27,942.2 Mg (0.72%) per year. Its mean, 1,024,547 Mg CO2 or 102,454.7 Mg CO­2 every year was lose from TWNC TNBBS area

Distribusi Baru Dan Struktur Populasi Rafflesia Zollingeriana Koord. Di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur

Studi ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni–Juli 2012 untuk mengetahui sebaran terbaru Rafflesia zollingeriana dan struktur populasinya di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. R. zollingeriana yang ditemukan sebanyak 19 populasi yang terdiri atas 26 koloni dan 152 individu. Populasi R. zollingeriana dominan ditemukan di lereng bukit, jauh dari pantai. Beberapa populasi berada di dekat pemukiman (kantong) dan di zona hutan dekat zona rehabilitasi. Dari 19 populasi yang telah diamati, sembilan merupakan distribusi baru yang belum pernah didokumentasikan dan satu di antaranya berada di luar kawasan TNMB. Populasi tersebut terdiri atas bunga mekar (7,89%), kuncup hidup (63,16%) dan kuncup mati (28,95%). Kuncup hidup dengan diameter 0,1–5 cm mendominasi populasi (50%), sedangkan kuncup yang siap mekar (diameter lebih dari 15 cm) hanya 0,42%. Tingkat keberhasilan kuncup untuk mekar diperkirakan rendah, sehingga keberlanjutan populasi R. zollingeriana terancam dan perlu dilestarikan, baik secara in situ maupun ex situ. Saran konservasi, baik secara in situ maupun ex situ disampaikan dalam makalah ini

Impoliteness in EFL Complaints: Exploring Its Intentions and Motivating Factors

The present study investigated intentions and motivating factors of using impoliteness in interlanguage complaints by EFL learners. Empirical data were elicited by means of oral discourse completion tasks and questionnaires from 42 Indonesian learners of English. Post-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the intentions and reasons of deploying impoliteness in the complaints. The results reveal that impoliteness is triggered by three general motivating factors; speaker-related factors, target person-related factors, and contextual factors. A number of intentions of deploying impoliteness are found, and they suggest that impoliteness is a means to an end rather than an end itself