7 research outputs found

    Vapor-Induced Conversion of a Centrosymmetric Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Crystal into a Proton-Conducting Second-Harmonic-Generation-Active Material

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    Chemical responsivity in materials is essential to build systems with switchable functionalities. However, polarity-switchable materials are still rare because inducing a symmetry breaking of the crystal structure by adsorbing chemical species is difficult. In this study, we demonstrate that a molecular organic–inorganic hybrid crystal of (NEt4)2[MnN(CN)4] (1) undergoes polarity switching induced by water vapor and transforms into a rare example of proton-conducting second-harmonic-generation-active material. Centrosymmetric 1 transforms into noncentrosymmetric polar 1·3H2O and 1·MeOH by accommodating water and methanol molecules, respectively. However, only water vapor causes a spontaneous single-crystal-to-single-crystal transition. Moreover, 1·3H2O shows proton conduction with 2.3 × 10–6 S/cm at 298 K and a relative humidity of 80%

    SDS molecules are condensed in a CHL cell.

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    <p><b>A</b>. The molecular structure of d<sub>25</sub>-SDS. <b>B</b>. Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectrum obtained from one point of a CHL cell indicated as the cross in the inset several minutes after the addition of d<sub>25</sub>-SDS. <b>C</b>. The expanded spectrum of <b>B</b>. <b>D</b>. Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectrum of 1% d<sub>25</sub>- SDS aqueous solution. The exposure time for <b>B</b>–<b>D</b> is 50 msec and <b>B</b>–<b>D</b> are measured under the same experimental condition.</p

    Accumulation of SDS in a CHL cell and subsequent cellular death.

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    <p><b>A</b>. Time-resolved Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectra obtained with the summation over all the spectra in the cell shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093401#pone-0093401-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>. Time-profiles of band amplitudes at 2100 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>B</b>), 2930 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>C</b>), 2850 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>D</b>), 1655 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>E</b>), 1446 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>F</b>) and 1003 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>G</b>).</p

    Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectra and images from a CHL cell.

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    <p>Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectra from the two points of the CHL cell. <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> are obtained from the points indicated as × and + in <b>C</b>, respectively. The inset of each spectrum is the expanded spectrum in the fingerprint region. The exposure time is 50 msec. Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] images at 2930 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>C</b>), 2850 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>D</b>), 2655 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>E</b>), 2446 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>F</b>) and 1003 cm<sup>−1</sup> (<b>G</b>), respectively. The scale bar in the image is 10 µm. The image consists of 91×81 pixels and the exposure time for each pixel is 50 msec. Each image is normalized at the intensity maximal of each band.</p

    Time-resolved Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] images of the CHL cell with the surfactant.

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    <p>The scale bar in the image is 10 µm. The image consists of 71×51 pixels and the exposure time for each pixel is 50 msec. Each row of the CARS images is measured every 3.5 min. Each column is normalized at the intensity maximal of each band.</p

    Nocodazole lowers the surfactant uptake rate of a CHL cell.

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    <p><b>A</b>. Time-resolved Im[χ<sup>(3)</sup>] spectra obtained with the summation over all the spectra in the cell shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0093401#pone-0093401-g005" target="_blank">Fig. 5</a>. <b>B</b>. Time-profiles of band amplitudes at 2100 cm<sup>−1</sup> (circle, left axis) and 1003 cm<sup>−1</sup> (cross, right axis).</p
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