KEDAWUNG (Parkia Timoriana) DAN KERABATNYA DI JAWA; PETIR (P. Intermedia) DAN PETAI (P. Speciosa) [Kedawung (Parkia Timoriana) and Its Related Species in Java; Petir (P. Intermedia) and Petai (P. Speciosa)]

Kedawung is a member of the plant genus of Parkia (Mimosaceae). It has important value as traditional medicine and currently has been included in the Indonesian list of endangered medicinal plant species. There are two closely related species to Kedawung in Java: P. intermedia and P. speciosa. Parkia intermedia has long been assumed to be a hybrid between P. speciosa and P. timoriana. The species has leaflets linear-oblong and obtuse apex in mature foliage resemble P. speciosa, but has more numerous leaflets, linear-falcate, and acute apex in its juvenile leaflets similar to P. timoriana. Thus Hopkins (1992) included Petir as uncertain species. The aim of this study was to assess its current existing populations, to clarify the taxonomic status and to evaluate the similarity between kedawung and its related species. Exploration, morphology and leaf anatomical studies, as well as phenetic analysis have been conducted. The results indicated that morphology and leaf anatomical characters can be used to distinguish P. timoriana, P. intermedia and P. speciosa as different species, and P. intermedia was more closely related to P. speciosa than to P. timoriana

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Studi pada Pegawai Seksi Pkc di Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean Tanjung Perak Surabaya)

Research aimed to analyze and to explain the simultaneous and partial effect of leadership style, motivation and work discipline on the performance of PKC Section employees at The Office of Customs Supervision and Service, Medium Level, Customs Region of Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Type of research was explanatory research. Hypothesis testing had produced several results which meant that there was a simultaneous and partial effect of leadership style (X­1), motivation (X­2), and work discipline (X­3) on employee performance (Y). This research was suggested that PKC Section at The Office of Customs Supervision and Service, Medium Level, Customs Region of Tanjung Perak Surabaya, should consider research variables in making policies and decisions in order to improve employee performance. Employees must show their discipline in executing SLA and 5R and keep their promises in delivering the service. Leaders should control the duty report and the work schedule of the employees, and also evaluate whether there was problems impairing work accomplishment. Leaders were also required to foster good relationship with subordinates in order to produce harmonious encounter and better cooperation, to facilitate the accomplishment of work and function of employees in PKC Sectio

Designing Optimal Speed Control with Observer Using Integrated Battery-electric Vehicle (IBEV) Model for Energy Efficiency

This paper develops an optimal speed control using a linear quadratic integral (LQI) control standard with/without an observer in the system based on an integrated battery-electric vehicle (IBEV) model. The IBEV model includes the dynamics of the electric motor, longitudinal vehicle, inverter, and battery. The IBEV model has one state variable of indirectly measured and unobservable, but the system is detectable. The objectives of this study were: (a) to create a speed control that gets the exact solution for a system with one indirect measurement and unobservable state variable; and (b) to create a speed control that has the potential to make a more efficient energy system. A full state feedback LQI controller without an observer is used as a benchmark. Two output feedback LQI controllers are designed; including one controller uses an order-4 observer and the other uses an order-5 observer. The order-4 observer does not include the battery state of charge as an observer state whereas the order-5 observer is designed by making all the state variable as the observer state and using the battery state of charge as an additional system output. An electric passenger minibus for public transport with 1500 kg weight was used as the vehicle model. Simulations were performed when the vehicle moves in a flat surface with the increased speed from stationary to 60 km/h and moves according to standard NEDC driving profile. The simulation results showed that both the output feedback LQI controllers provided similar speed performance as compared to the full state feedback LQI controller. However, the output feedback LQI controller with the order-5 observer consumed less energy than with the order-4 observer, which is about 10% for NEDC driving profile and 12% for a flat surface. It can be concluded that the LQI controller with order-5 observer gives better energy efficiency than the LQI controller with order-4 observe

Assessment of Riparian Vegetation Pattern Along Alista Hilly River Basin

Riparians are undergoing extensive reductions and changes in their natural composition into agricultural and urban area. The relationship between the vegetation distribution pattern and the riparian topography factor has been assumed to typically represent a biome-specific or vegetation-specific constant. This study aim is to analyze the vegetation distribution pattern with topography along Alista river in Dau District, Malang. We surveyed 3 stations that represent a zone of edge gradient between the river and the mainland: levee, mid-flood, and slough. We used the wetland classification (Obligate - OBL; Facultative Wetland-FACW; Facultative Upland (FACU); and Upland (UPL) for each species found from various sources. we observed that facultative upland plants have a broad dominance. Mid-floodplain and slough dominated by typical upland species. Although Levee widely consisted of by upland plants, this area has one distinctive obligate species: Equisetum. The presence of OBL species in the levee and mid-floodplain indicate the area is receiving more frequent floods than other areas

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Sistem Informasi Penjadwalan Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus : Yayasan Ganesha Operation Semarang)

- Permasalahan menyusun jadwal kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan masalah kompleks yang sering dihadapi lembaga pendidikan, khususnya lembaga bimbingan belajar Ganesha Operation Semarang. Proses pembuatan jadwal menggunakan software berbasis desktop masih memiliki kekurangan yaitu tidak mudahnya penyampaian informasi laporan jadwal kepada pengajar dan siswa. Laporan jadwal untuk setiap pengajar dicetak dan dibagikan kepada para pengajar satu persatu, Sedangkan siswa yang ingin mengetahui jadwal pelajaran di kelasnya dengan cara menghubungi ke customer service melalui telepon atau melihat jadwal yang ditempel di mading tempat siswa belajar, sehingga untuk memudahkan bagian akademik dalam penyusunan jadwal dan penyampaian informasi jadwal ke pengajar serta siswa, maka dibutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi penjadwalan berbasis web. Sistem informasi berbasis web memiliki keunggulan dimana sistem ini dapat diakses oleh pengguna menggunakan web browser yang terdapat di seluruh sistem operasi komputer desktop dan smartphone. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap analisis, tahap desain, tahap implementasi dan tahap pemeliharaan, tetapi tahap pemeliharaan tidak diikutsertakan pada pengembangan sistem ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi penjadwalan kegiatan belajar mengajar berbasis web yang diharapkan dapat membantu bagian akademik Yayasan Ganesha Operation Semarang dalam mengolah data jadwal secara lebih akurat sebagai pedoman atau panduan pengajar dan siswa

Sistem Informasi Penjadwalan Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus : Yayasan Ganesha Operation Semarang)

- Permasalahan menyusun jadwal kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan masalah kompleks yang sering dihadapi lembaga pendidikan, khususnya lembaga bimbingan belajar Ganesha Operation Semarang. Proses pembuatan jadwal menggunakan software berbasis desktop masih memiliki kekurangan yaitu tidak mudahnya penyampaian informasi laporan jadwal kepada pengajar dan siswa. Laporan jadwal untuk setiap pengajar dicetak dan dibagikan kepada para pengajar satu persatu, Sedangkan siswa yang ingin mengetahui jadwal pelajaran di kelasnya dengan cara menghubungi ke customer service melalui telepon atau melihat jadwal yang ditempel di mading tempat siswa belajar, sehingga untuk memudahkan bagian akademik dalam penyusunan jadwal dan penyampaian informasi jadwal ke pengajar serta siswa, maka dibutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi penjadwalan berbasis web. Sistem informasi berbasis web memiliki keunggulan dimana sistem ini dapat diakses oleh pengguna menggunakan web browser yang terdapat di seluruh sistem operasi komputer desktop dan smartphone. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap analisis, tahap desain, tahap implementasi dan tahap pemeliharaan, tetapi tahap pemeliharaan tidak diikutsertakan pada pengembangan sistem ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem informasi penjadwalan kegiatan belajar mengajar berbasis web yang diharapkan dapat membantu bagian akademik Yayasan Ganesha Operation Semarang dalam mengolah data jadwal secara lebih akurat sebagai pedoman atau panduan pengajar dan siswa

Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) sebagai Energi Alternatif Biogas melalui Sistem Biodigester

Suatu agroindustri menghasilkan limbah yang tidak berguna dan mempunyai dampak terhadap lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah pabrik kelapa sawit dalam sehari menghasilkan lebih dari 1 ton limbah. Limbah pabrik dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi energi alternatif biogas melalui sistem biodigester. Metode yang digunakan dalam penbelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan perolehan data berupa data primer dan data sekunder dan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah pabrik kelapa sawit menjadi biogas melalui sistem biodigester. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa hasil gas paling banyak terdapat pada limbah 1 yang dihasilkan dengan kecepatan sebesar 2,4 ml/jam untuk jumlah limbah 200 ml. Untuk 1 liter limbah yang diolah mampu menghasilkan 12 ml gas setiap jam. Maka dalam 1 hari, limbah tipe 1 akan menghasilkan 288 ml biogas setiap satu liter limbah

Fake Love or True Love? Sacrificial Love as the Essence of Love of Work Phenomenon in Indonesian Elite Forces

 The purpose of this study was to explore the essence of the love of work phenomenon based on the experience of soldiers in elite forces. This study used a qualitative approach with a grounded phenomenology perspective. The strategy used in this study was maximal variation sampling, namely soldiers in elite forces of the Army (Kopassus), Navy (Kopaska), and Air Force (Korpaskhas), who ranked Enlisted, Non-Commissioned Officer, and Officer and were willing to participate in the study. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed using the MaxQda 12 program. The results of the study show that the essence of love of work is sacrifice. Love of work is constructed as a relationship of positive emotions between workers and their work that occurs reciprocally, is strong and has a deep meaning that is marked by the existence of sincere sacrifices when carrying out their work. The love that elite members have for their work is characterized by zeal, closeness, loyalty, and heartiness in work.