Valuation of the ecosystem services demanded by agricultural producers of Macanal, Boyacá and their relationship with conservation practices

En las últimas décadas ha habido una presión constante sobre los agroecosistemas para que aumenten los niveles de producción, mientras que los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) proporcionados por los ecosistemas naturales se están degradando. Los agroecosistemas, que son a su vez demandantes y oferentes de SE, son ecosistemas claves para la seguridad alimentaria y el mantenimiento de la naturaleza, por lo que la valoración que los productores tienen sobre los SE incide en la adopción de prácticas adecuadas. Sin embargo, la reducida información al respecto limita su medición y la definición de políticas de manejo de los SE. Por lo anterior, en esta investigación se realizaron 32 entrevistas a apicultores y productores de lulo, café y fríjol en Macanal, Boyacá, con el fin de identificar espacialmente los SE que ellos demandan para llevar a cabo su actividad y explorar la relación que tiene la valoración de los SE demandados por los agroecosistemas y las prácticas de los productores sobre los SE identificados. Se encontró que la mayoría de los productores no conocen el término “servicios ecosistémicos”, pero reconocen las interacciones que existen entre los ecosistemas naturales y sus sistemas agropecuarios, y logran identificar una amplia gama de SE. Además, en general, los SE identificados tienen alta importancia, manejabilidad y vulnerabilidad para los productores, y ellos afirman que las mayores amenazas sobre los SE identificados son los agroquímicos y el cambio climático. Finalmente, existe una relación positiva y significativa entre las valoraciones que los productores otorgan a los SE en términos de importancia, manejabilidad y vulnerabilidad, y el hecho de adoptar una práctica de conservación sobre los SE que demandan para llevar a cabo su producción.In recent decades there has been constant pressure on agroecosystems to increase production levels, while the ecosystem services (ES) provided by the natural ecosystems are degrading. Agroecosystems, both demanders and suppliers of ES, are key ecosystems for food security and the maintenance of nature, so the valuations that producers give to ES affect the adoption of appropriate practices. However, the reduced information limits its measurement and the definition of ES management policies. Therefore, in this research, 32 interviews were carried out with beekeepers and producers of lulo, coffee, and beans in Macanal, Boyacá, to spatially identify the ES that they demand to carry out their activity and explore the relationship between the valuation of the ES demanded by the agroecosystems and the practices of producers on the identified ES. The main findings indicate that most producers do not know the term “ecosystem services”, but they recognize the interactions that exist between natural ecosystems and their agricultural systems, also they are able to identify a wide range of ES. Furthermore, in general, the identified ES have a high degree of importance, manageability, and vulnerability for producers, and they affirm that the greatest threats to the identified ES are agrochemicals and climate change. Finally, there is a positive and significant relationship between the valuations that producers give to ES in terms of importance, manageability, and vulnerability, and the adoption of conservation practices on the ES that they demand to carry out their production.Magíster en Conservación y Uso de la BiodiversidadMaestrí

Variación intraespecífica e individual de los pelos de mamíferos del Estado de México: implicaciones en la identificación interespecífica

Se determinó la variación del pelo de guardia dorsal entre individuos de la misma especie y se comparó la variación de un individuo en diferentes regiones. Se midió la longitud total y diámetro de la médula, además se determinó el patrón de tonalidad y tipo de médula. En la comparación intraespecífica se caracterizaron 530 pelos de guardia dorsales de 53 organismos. A pesar de las variaciones en la longitud y diámetro de la médula, puede realizarse una identificación exitosa de los organismos en un plano específico utilizando la guía de identificación de mamíferos terrestres a partir del pelo de guardia, excepto para Canis latrans y Liomys irroratus. En la comparación individual se describieron 560 pelos de guardia de 14 especies. Se encontraron diferencias en la longitud total del pelo, en el diámetro de la médula y en la coloración; el único carácter que permaneció constante fue la médula.Se determinó la variación del pelo de guardia dorsal entre individuos de la misma especie y se comparó la variación de un individuo en diferentes regiones. Se midió la longitud total y diámetro de la médula, además se determinó el patrón de tonalidad y tipo de médula. En la comparación intraespecífica se caracterizaron 530 pelos de guardia dorsales de 53 organismos. A pesar de las variaciones en la longitud y diámetro de la médula, puede realizarse una identificación exitosa de los organismos en un plano específico utilizando la guía de identificación de mamíferos terrestres a partir del pelo de guardia, excepto para Canis latrans y Liomys irroratus. En la comparación individual se describieron 560 pelos de guardia de 14 especies. Se encontraron diferencias en la longitud total del pelo, en el diámetro de la médula y en la coloración; el único carácter que permaneció constante fue la médula

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Cocaine Use Disorder : A 18-years Addiction Cohort Study

Altres ajuts: National Plan on Drugs (PNSD), Spain (grant number 2018/020 and 2020/024); the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia (grant numberObjective: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) has been associated with multiple complications and premature death. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between baseline medical comorbidity and long-term medical outcomes (i.e., hospitalization, death) in a cohort of patients primarily admitted for detoxification. In addition, we aimed to analyze cause-specific mortality. Methods: longitudinal study in CUD patients admitted for detoxification between 2001 and 2018. Substance use characteristics, laboratory parameters and medical comorbidity by VACS Index were assessed at admission. Follow-up and health-related outcomes were ascertained through visits and e-health records. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to analyze survival and predictors of hospitalization and death. Results: 175 patients (77.7% men) were included. Age at admission was 35 years [IQR: 30-41 years], 59.4% of the patients being intranasal users, 33.5% injectors, and 7.1% smokers. Almost 23% of patients had concomitant alcohol use disorder, 39% were cannabis users and 9% opiate users. The median VACS Index score on admission was 10 points [IQR: 0-22]. After 12 years [IQR: 8.6-15 years] of follow-up there were 1,292 (80.7%) ED admissions and 308 (19.3%) hospitalizations. The incidence rate of ED admission and hospitalization was 18.6 × 100 p-y (95% CI: 15.8-21.8 × 100 p-y). Mortality rate was 1.4 × 100 p-y (95% CI: 0.9-2.0 × 100 p-y) and, baseline comorbidity predicted hospitalization and mortality: those with VACS Index >40 were 3.5 times (HR:3.52, 95% CI: 1.19-10.4) more likely to dye with respect to patients with VACS < 20. Conclusion: addiction care warrants optimal stratification of medical comorbidity to improve health outcomes and survival of CUD patients seeking treatment of the disorder

PREVALENCIA DE LA POBLACIÓN CON HIPOACUSIA NEUROSENSORIAL BILATERAL DEL MUNICIPIO DE PAMPLONA, NORTE DE SANTANDER

INTRODUCCIÓN: Establecer las características del grupo de usuarios con Hipoacusia Neurosensorial Bilateral HNB permitió agrupar la población de acuerdo a sus características y necesidades comunes, con el objetivo de obtener la base de datos que será utilizada para el estudio de satisfacción sobre el uso de audífonos en esta población. MÉTODOS: Esta investigación se realizó en la ciudad de Pamplona Colombia y sus municipios aledaños, de carácter cuantitativo y descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, contó con una muestra total de 6.316 usuarios, tomados de 3 bases de datos de Historias Clínicas de pacientes atendidos por el servicio de fonoaudiología durante los años 2006 a 2016. RESULTADOS: A partir de la cuantificación de los datos se obtiene una muestra total de 678 usuarios con HNB, siendo 348 hombres y 330 mujeres, además se evidencia que 456 personas se encuentran en el grupo de la tercera edad y solo 185 cuentan con adaptación de audífonos. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN: la HNB se relaciona directamente con la edad, sin embargo, cuando nos referimos al sexo no existe un factor predominante frente al género, paralelo a ello se evidencia que, aunque el índice de HNB es alto son pocas las personas que adquieren las prótesis auditivas. CONCLUSIONES: No existe un predominio en cuanto al género con HNB sin embargo se evidencia que efectivamente un factor predominante para esta alteración es la edad, y de la misma forma el porcentaje de personas con esta deficiencia que tienen los audífonos es realmente bajo

Textbook outcome in urgent early cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: results post hoc of the S.P.Ri.M.A.C.C study

Introduction: A textbook outcome patient is one in which the operative course passes uneventful, without complications, readmission or mortality. There is a lack of publications in terms of TO on acute cholecystitis. Objetive: The objective of this study is to analyze the achievement of TO in patients with urgent early cholecystectomy (UEC) for Acute Cholecystitis. and to identify which factors are related to achieving TO. Materials and methods: This is a post hoc study of the SPRiMACC study. It ́s a prospective multicenter observational study run by WSES. The criteria to define TO in urgent early cholecystectomy (TOUEC) were no 30-day mortality, no 30-day postoperative complications, no readmission within 30&nbsp;days, and hospital stay ≤ 7&nbsp;days (75th percentile), and full laparoscopic surgery. Patients who met all these conditions were taken as presenting a TOUEC. Outcomes: 1246 urgent early cholecystectomies for ACC were included. In all, 789 patients (63.3%) achieved all TOUEC parameters, while 457 (36.6%) failed to achieve one or more parameters and were considered non-TOUEC. The patients who achieved TOUEC were younger had significantly lower scores on all the risk scales analyzed. In the serological tests, TOUEC patients had lower values for in a lot of variables than non-TOUEC patients. The TOUEC group had lower rates of complicated cholecystitis. Considering operative time, a shorter duration was also associated with a higher probability of reaching TOUEC. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors that influence the TOUEC can allow us to improve our results in terms of textbook outcome

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6&nbsp;years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P &lt; 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100&nbsp;years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe