No One Cried For Help: The Integration of Groupthink into Modern Rape Culture

Rape symbolizes lost innocence. Many young females increasingly endure sexual violence at the hands of multiple male assailants. Despite the common coupling of group dynamics and rapes, little evidence proposes Irving Janis’s theory of groupthink as one plausible explanation. This paper argues that the two concepts are related; groupthink needs to hold a more prominent position within the sexual violence literature. A case in the small town of Steubenville, Ohio provides the backdrop for investigating how groupthink impacts instances of gang rapes. Integration of the scholarly literature available on groupthink and sexual violence establishes the basis of this research. Janis’s groupthink model implements symptoms and features as criteria for distinguishing what constitutes an unhealthy group interaction. Steubenville reveals the presence of several such components, therefore reinforcing the assertion that groupthink does influence the interaction among members of a gang rape. New knowledge in this area of study encourages the development of preventative programs that help prevent this type of group activity from forming. Such improvements may aid in decreasing the prevalence of these gang rapes

Dynamical Coulomb blockade of tunnel junctions driven by alternating voltages

The theory of dynamical Coulomb blockade is extended to tunneling elements driven by a time-dependent voltage. It is shown that for standard set-ups where an external voltage is applied to a tunnel junction via an impedance, time-dependent driving entails an excitation of the modes of the electromagnetic environment by the applied voltage. Previous approaches for ac driven circuits need to be extended to account for the driven bath modes. A unitary transformation involving also the variables of the electromagnetic environment is introduced which allows to split-off the time-dependence from the Hamiltonian in the absence of tunneling. This greatly simplifies perturbation-theoretical calculations based on treating the tunneling Hamiltonian as a perturbation. In particular, the average current flowing in the leads of the tunnel junction is studied. Explicit results are given for the case of an applied voltage with a constant dc part and a sinusoidal ac part. The connection with standard dynamical Coulomb blockade theory for constant applied voltage is established. It is shown that an alternating voltage source reveals significant additional effects caused by the electromagnetic environment. The hallmark of dynamical Coulomb blockade in ac driven devices is a suppression of higher harmonics of the current by the electromagnetic environment. The theory presented basically applies to all tunneling devices driven by alternating voltages.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figur

Fermionic Basis in Conformal Field Theory and Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz for Excited States

We generalize the results of [Comm. Math. Phys. 299 (2010), 825-866, arXiv:0911.3731] (hidden Grassmann structure IV) to the case of excited states of the transfer matrix of the six-vertex model acting in the so-called Matsubara direction. We establish an equivalence between a scaling limit of the partition function of the six-vertex model on a cylinder with quasi-local operators inserted and special boundary conditions, corresponding to particle-hole excitations, on the one hand, and certain three-point correlation functions of conformal field theory (CFT) on the other hand. As in hidden Grassmann structure IV, the fermionic basis developed in previous papers and its conformal limit are used for a description of the quasi-local operators. In paper IV we claimed that in the conformal limit the fermionic creation operators generate a basis equivalent to the basis of the descendant states in the conformal field theory modulo integrals of motion suggested by A. Zamolodchikov (1987). Here we argue that, in order to completely determine the transformation between the above fermionic basis and the basis of descendants in the CFT, we need to involve excitations. On the side of the lattice model we use the excited-state TBA approach. We consider in detail the case of the descendant at level 8

Comparative Sentencing Practice

Uppsalas befintliga konstmuseum i Uppsala Slott har små och opraktiska lokaler. Uppsala Konstmuseis Vänner har därför lobbyat mot kommunen för att bygga ett nytt museum. Föreliggande förslag är utformat med utgångspunkt i följande principer och målsättningar: - Att i möjligaste mån använda naturlig indirekt belysning. - En rumslig “dramaturgi” som gör rörelsen genom muséet oförutsägbar samtidigt som blickfång och siktlinjer skapar orienterbarhet. - Bruk av nivåskillnader för att göra arkitekturen intressantare och för att skapa flera vinklar att betrakta konsten ifrån, samtidigt som alla utställningssalar är åtkomliga för rullstol och barnvagnar. - Ett växelspel mellan symmetri och assymmetri. - En “tektonisk” utformning av fasaden: grov platsgjuten betongfasad, tjocka väggar med infällda fönster i linje. Samtidigt stora fönster som ger rikligt med ljus men lite direkt solljus. - Patina i fasaden: texturerade gjutformar för fasadgjutning, inga hängrännor, mineraler (“klumpvis”) i betongblandningen som röda alger lever av. - Uppdelning mellan samtida (bottenvåning) och klassisk konst (plan 4-5). - Rumssekvenser som tillåter olika öppettider för museets olika verksamheter. - En arkitektonisk utformning som avspeglar museets inriktning mot både förmodern och modern konst.Uppsala's current art museum in Uppsala Slott has small and impractical premises. Uppsala Konstmuseis Vänner have therefore been lobbying towards the municipality to build a new museum. The design of this proposal is based on the following principles and objectives: - To the extent possible, use natural indirect lighting. - A spatial "dramaturgy" that makes movement through the museum unpredictable while eye-catchers and sight lines makes for orientability. - Use of different levels to make the architecture more interesting and to create more angles from which to view the art, while all exhibition halls are accessible to wheelchairs and strollers. - An interaction between symmetry and asymmetry. - A "tectonic" design of the facade: rough in situ concrete facade, thick walls with recessed windows in line. Still large windows providing plenty of light but little direct sunlight. - Patinized facade: textured molds for casting of facade, no gutters, minerals (in "lumps") in the concrete mixture that red algae feed on. - Splitting between contemporary (ground floor) and classical art (plane 4-5). - Room sequences that allow different opening hours for the museum's various activities. - An architectural design that reflects the museum's focus on both pre-modern and modern art