The Normal Red-Letter, volume 3, number 3, December (1901)

https://red.mnstate.edu/normalredletter/1013/thumbnail.jp

Can L2 sentence processing strategies be native-like? Evidence from English speakers’ L2 processing of Chinese base-generated-topic sentences

This article reports on an empirical study examining English speakers’ L2 processing of Chinese base-generated-topic (BGT) sentences. Forty-four highly proficient English-speaking L2 learners of Chinese and 23 native Chinese speakers were involved in the study. Results of a self-paced reading task reveal that both native Chinese speakers’ and L2 Chinese learners’ processing of Chinese BGT sentences is syntactically induced in a top-down manner. English speakers are sensitive to and are able to make use of syntactic cues as well as semantic information in their processing of Chinese BGT sentences. The study provides disconfirming evidence against the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (Clahsen and Felser, 2006a,b), which predicts that unlike native speakers, L2 learners do not rely on structure-based processing strategies when solving ambiguities in L2 sentence processing

Table_3_Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta.XLSX

IntroductionDescription of the global expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins in healthy human term placentas may increase our knowledge of molecular biological pathways that are important for normal fetal growth and development in term pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the global expression of miRNAs and proteins, and to point out functions of importance in healthy term placentas.Materials and methodsPlacental samples (n = 19) were identified in a local biobank. All samples were from uncomplicated term pregnancies with vaginal births and healthy, normal weight newborns. Next-generation sequencing and nano-scale liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse miRNA and protein expression, respectively.ResultsA total of 895 mature miRNAs and 6,523 proteins were detected in the placentas, of which 123 miRNAs and 346 proteins were highly abundant. The miRNAs were in high degree mapped to chromosomes 19, 14, and X. Analysis of the highly abundant miRNAs and proteins showed several significantly predicted functions in common, including immune and inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and development of the nervous system.DiscussionThe predicted function inflammatory response may reflect normal vaginal delivery, while lipid metabolism and neurodevelopment may be important processes for the term fetus. The data presented in this study, with complete miRNA and protein findings, will enhance the knowledge base for future research in the field of placental function and pathology.</p

Table_2_Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta.XLS

IntroductionDescription of the global expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins in healthy human term placentas may increase our knowledge of molecular biological pathways that are important for normal fetal growth and development in term pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the global expression of miRNAs and proteins, and to point out functions of importance in healthy term placentas.Materials and methodsPlacental samples (n = 19) were identified in a local biobank. All samples were from uncomplicated term pregnancies with vaginal births and healthy, normal weight newborns. Next-generation sequencing and nano-scale liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse miRNA and protein expression, respectively.ResultsA total of 895 mature miRNAs and 6,523 proteins were detected in the placentas, of which 123 miRNAs and 346 proteins were highly abundant. The miRNAs were in high degree mapped to chromosomes 19, 14, and X. Analysis of the highly abundant miRNAs and proteins showed several significantly predicted functions in common, including immune and inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and development of the nervous system.DiscussionThe predicted function inflammatory response may reflect normal vaginal delivery, while lipid metabolism and neurodevelopment may be important processes for the term fetus. The data presented in this study, with complete miRNA and protein findings, will enhance the knowledge base for future research in the field of placental function and pathology.</p

Table_1_Global microRNA and protein expression in human term placenta.XLS

IntroductionDescription of the global expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins in healthy human term placentas may increase our knowledge of molecular biological pathways that are important for normal fetal growth and development in term pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the global expression of miRNAs and proteins, and to point out functions of importance in healthy term placentas.Materials and methodsPlacental samples (n = 19) were identified in a local biobank. All samples were from uncomplicated term pregnancies with vaginal births and healthy, normal weight newborns. Next-generation sequencing and nano-scale liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyse miRNA and protein expression, respectively.ResultsA total of 895 mature miRNAs and 6,523 proteins were detected in the placentas, of which 123 miRNAs and 346 proteins were highly abundant. The miRNAs were in high degree mapped to chromosomes 19, 14, and X. Analysis of the highly abundant miRNAs and proteins showed several significantly predicted functions in common, including immune and inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and development of the nervous system.DiscussionThe predicted function inflammatory response may reflect normal vaginal delivery, while lipid metabolism and neurodevelopment may be important processes for the term fetus. The data presented in this study, with complete miRNA and protein findings, will enhance the knowledge base for future research in the field of placental function and pathology.</p

Age-related differences in associations between uncontrolled asthma, comorbidities and biomarkers in adult-onset asthma

Adult-onset asthma is a recognized but heterogeneous phenotype and has been described to associate with poor asthma control. Knowledge about associations between clinical characteristics including comorbidities and control of adult-onset asthma is limited, especially in older populations. We aimed to study how clinical biomarkers and comorbidities associate with uncontrolled asthma among middle-aged and older individuals with adult-onset asthma. Clinical examinations including structured interview, asthma control test (ACT), spirometry, skin prick test (SPT), blood sampling and measurement of exhaled fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) was performed in a population-based adult-onset asthma cohort in 2019-2020 (n = 227, 66.5% female). Analyses were performed among all included, and separately in middle-aged (37-64y, n = 120) and older (≥65y, n = 107) participants. In bivariate analysis, uncontrolled asthma (ACT ≤ 19) was significantly associated with a blood neutrophil count ≥5/µl, BMI ≥ 30 and several comorbidities. In multivariable regression analysis, uncontrolled asthma was associated with neutrophils ≥5/µl (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.11-4.99). In age-stratified analysis, BMI ≥ 30 (OR 3.04; 1.24-7.50), eosinophils ≥0.3/µl (OR 3.17; 1.20-8.37), neutrophils ≥5/µl (OR 4.39; 1.53-12.62) and allergic rhinitis (OR 5.10; 1.59-16.30) were associated with uncontrolled asthma among the middle-aged. Among the older adults, uncontrolled asthma was only associated with comorbidities: chronic rhinitis (OR 4.08; 1.62-10.31), ischemic heart disease (OR 3.59; 1.17-10.98), malignancy (OR 3.10; 1.10-8.73) and depression/anxiety (OR 16.31; 1.82-146.05). In adult-onset asthma, comorbidities were strongly associated with uncontrolled asthma among older adults, while clinical biomarkers including eosinophils and neutrophils in blood were associated with uncontrolled asthma among middle-aged.</p

Supplemental_Table_1_SS_pek_190510 – Supplemental material for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Table_1_SS_pek_190510 for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study by Sami Sawalha, Linnea Hedman, Helena Backman, Nikolai Stenfors, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck and Anne Lindberg in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p

Author_response_v.1 – Supplemental material for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study

Supplemental material, Author_response_v.1 for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study by Sami Sawalha, Linnea Hedman, Helena Backman, Nikolai Stenfors, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck and Anne Lindberg in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p

Reviewer_1,_v.1 – Supplemental material for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study

Supplemental material, Reviewer_1,_v.1 for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study by Sami Sawalha, Linnea Hedman, Helena Backman, Nikolai Stenfors, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck and Anne Lindberg in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p

Reviewer_2,_v.1. – Supplemental material for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study

Supplemental material, Reviewer_2,_v.1. for The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study by Sami Sawalha, Linnea Hedman, Helena Backman, Nikolai Stenfors, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck and Anne Lindberg in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease</p