Freeze-out from HBT and Coulomb Effects

The freeze-out of hot and dense hadronic matter formed in relativistic nuclear collisions is probed by HBT interferometry of identical pions, kaons, etc. Coulomb repulsion/attraction of positive/negative particles show up at small particle momenta and is also very sensitive to the freeze-out conditions. The source sizes and times freeze-out are extracted from $\pi^-/\pi^+$ spectra and HBT radii and compared.Comment: 4 pages, proc. of QM'97, Tsukuba, Japa

HBT with Space- vs. Time-like Hydrodynamic Freezeout

Bose-Einstein correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions and their dependence on the freeze-out condition in hydrodynamic models is compared to time-like freeze-out, where particles are emitted away only from the surface, i.e. space- vs. time-like freeze-out. The corresponding HBT radii are calculated for the two models emphasizing the difference in the outward HBT radius.Comment: Proc. of hydrodynamics workshop, may 12-16, Trent

Transport Properties of Quark and Gluon Plasmas

The kinetic properties of relativistic quark-gluon and electron-photon plasmas are described in the weak coupling limit. The troublesome Rutherford divergence at small scattering angles is screened by Debye screening for the longitudinal or electric part of the interactions. The transverse or magnetic part of the interactions is effectively screened by Landau damping of the virtual photons and gluons transferred in the QED and QCD interactions respectively. Including screening a number of transport coefficients for QCD and QED plasmas can be calculated to leading order in the interaction strength, including rates of momentum and thermal relaxation, electrical conductivity, viscosities, flavor and spin diffusion of both high temperature and degenerate plasmas. Damping of quarks and gluons as well as color diffusion in quark-gluon plasmas is, however, shown not to be sufficiently screened and the rates depends on an infrared cut-off of order the ``magnetic mass", $m_{\rm mag}\sim g^2 T$.Comment: 12 pages, report LBL-3491

Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, we study event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The calculated physical observables, including multiplicity, kaon to pion ratios, and transverse momenta agree well with recent NA49 data at the SPS, and indicate that such studies do not yet reveal the presence of new physics. Finally, we present a simple model of how a first order phase transition can be signaled by very large fluctuations.Comment: final version, 4 pages, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Time development of a density perturbation in the unstable nuclear matter

We present the solution of the time development of an unstable initial density perturbation in the linearized Vlasov equation, completing the previous analysis in the literature. The additional contributions found are usually damped and can be neglected at large times in the unstable region. The work clarifies also the problem of the normalization of the solution with respect to the initial perturbation of the density.Comment: revision of the discussion, different initial perturbation, 9 pages, 4 figures included, uses epsfi

Hubbard model calculations of phase separation in optical lattices

Antiferromagnetic, Mott insulator, d-wave and gossamer superfluid phases are calculated for 2D square lattices from the extended Hubbard (t-J-U) model using the Gutzwiller projection method and renormalized mean field theory. Phase separation between antiferromagnetic and d-wave superfluid phases is found near half filling when the on-site repulsion exceeds U\ga7.3t, and coincides with a first order transition in the double occupancy. Phase separation is thus predicted for 2D optical lattices with ultracold Fermi atoms whereas it is inhibited in cuprates by Coulomb frustration which instead may lead to stripes. In a confined optical lattice the resulting density distribution is discontinuous an with extended Mott plateau which enhances the antiferromagnetic phase but suppresses the superfluid phase. Observation of Mott insulator, antiferromagnetic, stripe and superfluid phases in density and momentum distributions and correlations is discussed