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Studies of Helium Based Gas Mixtures Using a Small Cell Drift Chamber
An international collaboration is currently working on the construction and design of an asymmetric B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center that will be ready to collect data in 1999. The main physics motivation for such a facility is to test the description and mechanism of CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics and provide insight into the question of why more matter than antimatter is observed in the universe today. In particular, this experiment will measure CP violation in the decay of B mesons. In the early stages of this effort, the Canadian contingent proposed to build the central tracking chamber for the BaBar detector. Presently, a prototype drift chamber is in operation and studies are being performed to test some of the unique features of drift chamber design dictated by the conditions of the experiment. Using cosmic muons, it is possible to study tracking and pattern recognition in the prototype chamber, and therefore calculate the efficiency and spatial resolution of the prototype chamber cells. These performance features will be used to test whether or not the helium-based gas mixtures proposed for the BaBar drift chamber are a viable alternative to the more traditional argon-based gases
Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory - Preliminary Design Report
The DUSEL Project has produced the Preliminary Design of the Deep Underground
Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) at the rehabilitated former
Homestake mine in South Dakota. The Facility design calls for, on the surface,
two new buildings - one a visitor and education center, the other an experiment
assembly hall - and multiple repurposed existing buildings. To support
underground research activities, the design includes two laboratory modules and
additional spaces at a level 4,850 feet underground for physics, biology,
engineering, and Earth science experiments. On the same level, the design
includes a Department of Energy-shepherded Large Cavity supporting the Long
Baseline Neutrino Experiment. At the 7,400-feet level, the design incorporates
one laboratory module and additional spaces for physics and Earth science
efforts. With input from some 25 science and engineering collaborations, the
Project has designed critical experimental space and infrastructure needs,
including space for a suite of multidisciplinary experiments in a laboratory
whose projected life span is at least 30 years. From these experiments, a
critical suite of experiments is outlined, whose construction will be funded
along with the facility. The Facility design permits expansion and evolution,
as may be driven by future science requirements, and enables participation by
other agencies. The design leverages South Dakota's substantial investment in
facility infrastructure, risk retirement, and operation of its Sanford
Laboratory at Homestake. The Project is planning education and outreach
programs, and has initiated efforts to establish regional partnerships with
underserved populations - regional American Indian and rural populations
SNEWS: The SuperNova Early Warning System
This paper provides a technical description of the SuperNova Early Warning
System (SNEWS), an international network of experiments with the goal of
providing an early warning of a galactic supernova.Comment: 25 pages, for New Journal of Physics Focus Issue on Neutrino Physic
US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report
This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in
Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry:Workshop Summary
This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more km-scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions
Terrestrial very-long-baseline atom interferometry: Workshop summary
This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more kilometer--scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions
A search for supernova neutrinos with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is an underground Cerenkov detector designed
to detect neutrinos from astrophysical sources. The fiducial mass of the detector consists
of 1000 tonnes of D₂0 , which provides sensitivity to all neutrino flavours. Since much of
the energy released in the supernova burst is expected to be carried by the muon and tau
neutrinos, the supernova signal recorded by the SNO detector is of particular importance.
In addition, SNO is also sensitive to the prompt electron neutrino signal expected from
capture processes during core collapse. Various supernova models are investigated and
predictions of the SNO supernova signal are studied using simulated Monte Carlo data.
A data analysis program to identify neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst has been
installed in the online system at SNO. The program automatically analyzes burst data and
it is anticipated that a manual alert to the Supernova Early Warning System could be issued
within 20-30 minutes with negligible possibility of a false alarm. The burst identification
algorithm currently in use both online and offline provides detection sensitivity beyond the
far edge of our galaxy.
A search for supernova neutrinos was performed using 241.0 days of data collected over
the time period between November 2, 1999 and January 4, 2001. No candidate bursts were
observed over this period, which places a 90% confidence level upper limit of < 3.5 galactic
supernovae per year.Science, Faculty ofPhysics and Astronomy, Department ofGraduat
Studies of helium-based gas mixtures using a small cell drift chamber
An international collaboration is currently working on the construction and design of
an asymmetric B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center that will be ready
to collect data in 1999. The main physics motivation for such a facility is to test the
description and mechanism of CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics
and provide insight into the question of why more matter than antimatter is observed
in the universe today. In particular, this experiment will measure CP violation in the
decay of B mesons.
In the early stages of this effort, the Canadian contingent proposed to build the
central tracking chamber for the BABAR detector. Presently, a prototype drift chamberis
in operation and studies are being performed to test some of the unique features of
drift chamber design dictated by the conditions of the experiment. Using cosmic muons,
it is possible to study tracking and pattern recognition in the prototype chamber, and
therefore calculate the efficiency and spatial resolution of the prototype chamber cells.
These performance features will be used to test whether or not the helium-based gas
mixtures proposed for the BABAR drift chamber are a viable alternative to the more
traditional argon-based gases.Science, Faculty ofPhysics and Astronomy, Department ofGraduat
SNEWS: The SuperNova Early Warning System
Abstract. This paper provides a technical description of the SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS), an international network of experiments with the goal of providing an early warning of a galactic supernova. † To whom correspondence should be addresse
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