The experiences of victims in the mass gatherings: a phenomenological study

INTRODUCTION: The mass gathering events are becoming a big source of concern among public health practitioners. These events can affect a population’s health in different ways. The study aimed to identify mechanisms associated with morbidity and mortality in mass gathering (MGs) events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study that was conducted under a phenomenological approach. The study population included 21 people who were hospitalized due to injuries in the mass gatherings. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. RESULTS: A total number of 21 interviews were conducted in this study. Participants included 17 males and four females. Thematic analysis was used to identify 21 different themes and the themes were classified into five main areas. These five areas include Individuals' unpreparedness, unprepared relief organizations, lack of proper response plans, and risky behavior and psychological reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The lived experiences of MGs victims showed that they need to be better educated at the community level about the potential MGs’ health risks. One of the most effective measures to reduce mortality in the MGs is risk governance. Risk governance must be a national policy and priority at the time of holding large gatherings

The experiences of victims in the mass gatherings: a phenomenological study

INTRODUCTION: The mass gathering events are becoming a big source of concern among public health practitioners. These events can affect a population’s health in different ways. The study aimed to identify mechanisms associated with morbidity and mortality in mass gathering (MGs) events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study that was conducted under a phenomenological approach. The study population included 21 people who were hospitalized due to injuries in the mass gatherings. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. RESULTS: A total number of 21 interviews were conducted in this study. Participants included 17 males and four females. Thematic analysis was used to identify 21 different themes and the themes were classified into five main areas. These five areas include Individuals’ unpreparedness, unprepared relief organizations, lack of proper response plans, and risky behavior and psychological reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The lived experiences of MGs victims showed that they need to be better educated at the community level about the potential MGs’ health risks. One of the most effective measures to reduce mortality in the MGs is risk governance. Risk governance must be a national policy and priority at the time of holding large gatherings. Author keywords emergency medical services; emergency nursing; injury; mass gathering; prehospital care; public healt

Job burnout among nurses in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Job burnout is a major problem among nurses. The three dimensions of job burnout include emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the mean of job burnout among nurses in hospitals affiliated to Medical Sciences Universities in Iran. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. An online search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Medlib, Iranmedex, Magiran, Civilica, Noormags, and Irandoc databases. The search keywords were burnout,job burnout, occupational burnout, nurses, nursing staff, and Iran. Critical appraisal of eligible studies was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. The first author's name, publication year, sample size, and the mean scores and standard error values of the different dimensions of job burnout were extracted from each included study. The random-effects and the fixed-effect models were used for the meta-analysis. The Cochran's Q test, the I2 index, and the Egger's regression analysis were used. Results: Nineteen studies with a total sample of 3926 nurses were included in the meta-analysis. The overall means of the EE, DP, and low PA dimensions of job burnout were 21.19 (95 confidence interval CI: 19.28-23.11), 7.85 (95% CI: 6.26-9.43), and 28.89 (95% CI: 27.10-30.67), respectively. The I2 index values of these dimensions were, respectively, 96.6%, 99.4%, and 97.8%, indicating high heterogeneity among the studies. The Egger's regression analysis showed that there was no evidence of publication bias in the studies (P = 0.08). Conclusion: Job burnout among nurses in Iran is moderate in the EE and the DP dimensions and high in the low PA dimension. Strategies are needed to improve nurses' work conditions, fulfill their needs, and thereby, reduce their job burnout