A Hybrid Hardware Verification Technique in FPGA Design

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is best emerging technique for verification of industrial hardware. Property Specification Language (PSL) is one of the most important components of ABV. In this paper we present a method to emulate hardware that is capable of support ABV that in it assertion expressions mapped to HDL. We simulated this method by an applicable example by Modelsim software. Test results indicate that this method performance is good

The study of relationship between post dural puncture headache and hemodynamic fluctuation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia

زمینه و هدف: به اعتقاد بسیاری از محققین علت بروز سردرد بعد از سوراخ شدن سخت شامه، نشت مایع مغزی نخاعی (CSF= Cerebrospinal Fluid) و کاهش فشار داخل مغز (ICP= Intracranial Pressure) است. تغییرات همودینامیک می تواند بر دینامیک CSF و وضعیت ICP تأثیر گذار باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط نوسانات فشار خون، نبض، میزان مایع دریافتی و افدرین مصرفی با سردرد بعد از سوراخ شدن سخت شامه طراحی و اجراء شده است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه به صورت توصیفی - تحلیلی بر روی 95 بیمار با شکستگی ساق پا، نامزد بیهوشی نخاعی، با استفاده از سوزن نوعQuincke شماره 23 انجام شد. فشار خون و نبض در دقایق 1، 2، 4، 8 و 16 پس از انجام بیهوشی نخاعی اندازه گیری و ثبت شد. همچنین جمع مایع وریدی و افدرین دریافتی نیز محاسبه و ثبت گردید. سپس بروز، شدت (بر اساس پرسشنامه VAS=Visual Analog Scale) و مدت سردرد (روز) تا 5 روز بعد از انجام بیهوشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در پایان ارتباط میزان بروز و شدت سردرد با نوسانات فشار خون، نبض، میزان مایع وریدی دریافتی و افدرین مصرفی با استفاده از آزمون های t مستقل و پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از بیماران مورد مطالعه 3/33 دچار سردرد بعد از سوراخ شدن دورا شدند. میانگین شدت و طول مدت سردرد به ترتیب 11/2±83/5 (سانتیمتر) و 40/1±66/3 (روز) بود. بین درصد نوسانات فشارخون سیستول، دیاستول، متوسط شریانی، تعداد نبض، میزان مایع دریافتی و افدرین مصرفی با میزان بروز و شدت سردرد متعاقب بیهوشی نخاعی، رابطه معنی داری بدست نیامد. نتیجه گیری: عدم ارتباط معنی دار بین نوسانات همودینامیکی با میزان بروز و شدت سردرد می تواند نشان دهنده این موضوع باشد که علیرغم تأثیر عوامل همودینامیک بر دینامیک و وضعیت ICP، این عوامل احتمالاَ از قدرت کافی جهت تغییر در میزان نشت CSF از سوراخ دورا برخوردار نبوده و عامل تعیین کننده اصلی همان اندازه و شکل سوراخ ایجاد شده توسط سوزن های نخاعی است

The effect of probiotics mixture on learning and spatial memory in kindled rats

Background: Repeated seizure attacks lead to extensive neuronal damage and cognitive impairment such as memory loss and learning. Probiotics are shown to have some protective actions against neurological disorders. The present study aimed to examine the effect of probiotics on learning, memory and the nitric oxide level in kindled rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, kindled with penthylenetetrazole (PTZ), kindled and valproic acid (VPA), kindled after probiotic treatment (probiotic + PTZ), and kindled before probiotic treatment (PTZ + probiotic). The animals were treated by a mixture of probiotics for 4 weeks. Chemical kindling was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (35 mg/kg) every 48 hours for 24 days. The learning and spatial memory were evaluated by the Morris water maze. The serum nitric oxide level was assessed by the Miranda method. Results: No significant difference was observed between the control and VPA groups in terms of memory, learning and serum levels of nitric oxide. Learning (P<0.001) and spatial memory (P<0.05) phenomena were improved in the probiotic supplemented groups compared to the PTZ group. Also, serum nitric oxide levels were reduced in the probiotic supplemented groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation reduces the level of nitric oxide and improves the learning and memory process

The effect of automated telephone system on the satisfaction of client in the Imam Ali polyclinic

زمینه و هدف: رضایت بیمار شاخصی برای ارزیابی خدمات است و سنجش کارآیی و کیفیت خدمات ارائه‌شده به مردم در بخش بهداشت و درمان از اولویت‌های مهم وزارت بهداشت است. به همین منظور این مطالعه، باهدف بررسی تأثیر استقرار سامانه نوبت‌دهی تلفنی بر رضایت مراجعین پلی کلینیک فوق تخصصی امام علی (ع) شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه تحلیلی- مقطعی در پلی کلینیک تخصصی و فوق تخصصی امام علی(ع) شهرکرد در سال1392 انجام شد. پرسشنامه رضایت سنجی استاندارد با بررسی700 نفر از مراجعین این مرکز قبل و بعد از استقرار سامانه نوبت‌دهی تکمیل گردید. اطلاعات توسط شاخص‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 16 مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین امتیاز رضایت مراجعه‌کنندگان در سال 1391، معادل 7/5±5/22 و در سال 1392 ،3/6±7/23 بود که تفاوت 2 سال ازنظر آماری نشانگر ارتباط معنی دار پس از استقرار سیستم مکانیزه نوبت‌دهی بود (002/0=P). شاخص‌های سیستم نوبت‌دهی، نحوه دریافت نوبت، مکان انتظار، نظافت و تمیزی کلینیک، برخورد نگهبانی، برخورد نیروی پذیرش و منشی، برخورد پزشک، نحوه ویزیت پزشک، رعایت حریم شخصی و انتخاب کلینیک برای مراجعه بعدی در مجموع 78 رضایت‌مندی بیماران را تبیین می‌کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: اصلاح فرایندهایی مثل نوبت‌دهی باعث افزایش رضایتمندی بیماران می‌گردد، لذا بررسی منظم و دوره‌ای میزان رضایتمندی بیماران و ارائه برنامه‌های عملیاتی برای رفع نارضایتی آنان می‌تواند منجر به ارتقاء کیفیت خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گردد

Durability Assessment of Clay-Bearing Soft Rocks By Using New Decay Index

Clay-bearing rocks are known as most important problematic weak rocks. Due to the importance of disintegration of clay-bearing rocks in engineering projects, several simple test methods have been proposed to assess durability of these rocks. In this study, a comprehensive research program was conducted on twenty different clay-bearing rocks to assess their disintegration characteristics under laboratory conditions. In order to carry out the research, at the first step some physical and mechanical properties of the studied rocks were measured. After that, three durability test methods were employed. These tests include the standard slake durability test to obtain index durability (Id2 ), slake durability test with sieving the remained materials in drum to obtain disintegration ratio (DR) and new time series slake durability test to obtain decay index (DI). The results of this research indicated that for most of samples, using the standardized slake durability index test (Id2 ) may not be adequate to understand the disintegration characteristics of clay-bearing rocks and shows overestimated values. The new decay index (DI) has overcome the most limitations of the standard slake durability test and clearly will realize deterioration potential of clay bearing rocks. Finally, based on the results of decay index a new durability classification was proposed

Transforming Growth Factor Beta-Induced Factor 2-Linked X (TGIF2LX) Regulates Two Morphogenesis Genes, Nir1 and Nir2 in Human Colorectal

Abstract- A member of homeodomain protein namely TGIF2LX has been implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in human malignancy as well as in spermatogenesis. However, to our knowledge, dynamic functional evidence of the TGIF2LX has not yet been provided. The aim of the present study was to investigate the human TGIF2LX target gene(s) using a cDNA-AFLP as a differential display method. A pEGFP-TGIF2LX construct containing the wild-type TGIF2LX cDNA was stably transfected into SW48 cells. UV microscopic analysis and Real-time RT-PCR were used to confirm TGIF2LX expression. The mRNA expressions of TGIF2LX in transfected SW48 cells, the cells containing empty vector (pEGFP-N), and untransfected cells were compared. Also, a Real-time PCR technique was applied to validate cDNA-AFLP results. The results revealed a significant down-regulation and up-regulationby TGIF2LX of Nir1 and Nir2 genes, respectively. The genes are engaged in the cell morphogenesis process. Our findings may provide new insight into the complex molecular pathways underlying colorectal cancer development

In vivo identification of novel TGIF2LX target genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma using the cDNA-AFLP method

Background and study aims: Homeobox-containing genes are composed of a group of regulatory genes encoding transcription factors involved in the control of developmental processes. The homeodomain proteins could activate or repress the expression of downstream target genes. This study was conducted to in vivo identify the potential target gene(s) of TGIF2LX in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: A human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, SW48, was transfected with the recombinant pEGFPN1-TGIF2LX. The cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of the three groups of 6-week-old female athymic C56BL/6 nude mice (n = 6 per group). The transcript profiles in the developed tumours were investigated using the cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique. Results: The real-time RT-PCR and DNA sequencing data for the identified genes indicated that the N-terminal domain-interacting receptor 1 (Nir1) gene was suppressed whereas Nir2 and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) genes were upregulated followed by the overexpression of TGIF2LX gene. Conclusion: Downregulation of Nir1 and upregulation of Nir2 and FHIT genes due to the overexpression of TGIF2LX suggests that the gene plays an important role as a suppressor in colorectal adenocarcinoma. � 2018 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Rockfall hazard analysis in the Ganjnameh tourist area, west of Iran

Ganjnameh area is considered an important historical-cultural and touristic place in the west of Iran, seriously threatened by rockfall problems. Attractions of this area yearly attract several thousand visitors from all over the world. Several rockfall events have occurred in the area in the past. Rockfalls occurrences will threaten the life safety of visitors during visiting and surveying of the place. The primary purpose of this research was a preliminary analysis of rockfall potential for the cultural heritage site. For this purpose, an investigation based on three phases was done, which are included: site investigation, laboratory testing, and rockfall simulation. Unstable blocks size, the geometry of slopes, weathering conditions, joint study, and sampling were measured and done during the site investigation phase. Physico-mechanical properties of granite were determined in the laboratory. Total kinetic energy, bounce height, and translational velocity of fallen blocks were determined as rockfall simulation outputs. Based on the obtained result, different mechanisms were found on the left side and right side of the study area. The rockfall problems on the right side could be related to jointing and freezing-thawing action, whereas on the left side, steep slope, weathering, and saturating are the main controlling factors. The results indicated that the footpath between Ganjnameh inscriptions and waterfall, which has a dense concentration of visitors, is subjected to severe problems of rockfall occurrences from both sides, especially the left side. Eventually, for the reduction of rockfall potential and its risk, remedial works are suggested

Application of Urban Geology in Construction Projects (Case Study: Urban Geology of Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Province, Iran)

Urban geology is a preliminary study for the construction and development of cities, which has been more prominent in recent decades in some countries despite its long application history. It assesses the impact of geological and natural phenomena on urban space and available structures. The earthquake on Nov. 21, 2017, inflicted a lot of damage to the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, west of Iran, including financial losses and casualties. Reconstruction of this city and planning for its sustainable development entail conducting urban geological studies. In the present study, the effect of natural phenomena on Sarpol-e Zahab County was studied by investigating its geology and geomorphology. The results showed that, in addition to the earthquake that habitually affected the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, the hazards of other phenomena are also significant. Recorded horizontal acceleration in the recent earthquake confirmed the high seismicity of Sarpol-e Zahab has