Strategi Pembelajaran Inquiry Sosial Dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Tentang Peninggalan Sejarah Hindu di Indonesia pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas V Sdn 194 Patampanua

Inquiry social learning Strategy is a Method applied to improve student learning outcomes. For this strategy, researcher conducted 3 Cycle to review Seeing strategy development Success rate singer. Where in CYCLE I Researcher do planning, Implementation, observation and reflection. The results showed that knowledge students Still Really was low.its proved by results of data analysis and reflection that has carried on Implementation of the action on cycle 1 Not referring at set Indicators That More Than 75% or follow the whole of Students Learning activities. While the findings in the cycle II No one got 100 score, only 7 students got 75-90 score or 63.63% andonly 3 students got 60-70 score or 27.27%. On cycle III, improving student learning outcomes on the material of Historical Hindu in Indonesia are optimaluccess. Every Final Evaluation Study shows that theaverage score in cycle 1 reached an average of 5.45%,where in the CYCLE II reached an average of 7.27%. While Scores in cycle III reached an average of 9.27%

Understanding of teaching and its manifestation among excellent educators in a selected public university

The research was conducted to explore the understanding of teaching of excellent educators in a selected public university. Three research questions guided the study; first, what do educators believe to be the purposes of education?, second, what facilitated the understanding of teaching development?, and third, how is the understanding of teaching adhered to, manifested in their teaching practice? The study employed qualitative multiple case study approach to answer the research questions. The primary data were collected through in depth interviews and the secondary data were collected through observations in the classroom, laboratory and discussion sessions after lectures. The analyses of this study were done through within-case analysis and cross-case analysis explained the findings from the four excellent educators. The study discovered that the purposes of education were for change, transmitting knowledge, and character building. Respondents’ background as well as understanding of learning and teaching concepts had contributed to the development of the understanding of teaching. The adhered understanding was manifested in their teaching. These can be observed through their preparation and openness to assists students. Their teaching roles as experts and organizers were reflected in their teaching. They have been a major source of reference for their students as well as the society at large

Calcium Absorption and Bioavailability of Isoflavones from Tempeh Compared to Milk Among Postmenopausal Malay Women

The main objective of this study was to determine the absorption of calcium from tempeh compared to milk and apparent bioavailability of isoflavone in urinary excretions of postmenopausal Malay women consuming tempeh. There were three phases in this study. In phase one, food analyses on tempeh showed every 100 g of fried tempeh contained 41.8 ± 5.1% moisture, 18.6 ± 1.2% crude protein, 18.8 ± 7.2% crude fat, 19.9 ± 3.4% total carbohydrate, 0.8 ± 0.2% total ash, 63.3 ± 2.7 mg Ca, 34.57 ± 11.07 mg daidzein (DA) and 30.50 ± 11.41 mg genestein (GE), based on wet weight. Deep frying tempeh in batter for 30 minutes decreased 45% of the total isoflavones in fried tempeh (113 ± 41 mg) compared to the raw one (205 ± 56 mg). Raw tempeh contained the highest total amount of DA (25.64 ± 5.65 mg) and GE (28.41 ± 9.15 mg) compared to other studied local soy products. In phase two, health screening was conducted to select healthy subjects for clinical trial in phase three. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) prior to the study. A total of 125 postmenopausal Malay women screened from five locations in suburban of Kuala Lumpur and 42 of them met the inclusion criteria and were qualified to take part in the clinical trial. The mean age of the subjects was 59 ± 4 years and they were on average 10 ± 7 years postmenopausal. Average weight, height and body mass index (BMI) for these subjects were 63.7 ± 10.1 kg, 1.5 ± 0.1 m and 28.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2. Majority (46%) of the women was overweight while 31% were obese and two percent were underweight. Two-thirds of them have been taking medication for chronic diseases like hypertension (27%), diabetes mellitus (9%), heart disease (1%) and combination of the three chronic diseases (19%). Average values for fasting serum lipid for these subjects were 5.97 ± 1.23 mmol/L of total cholesterol (TC), 1.40 ± 0.33 mmol/L of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), 3.84 ± 1.02 mmol/L of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and 1.77 ± 0.96 mmol/L of triglyceride (TG). About 74% of subjects were hypercholesterolemic and 58% were hypertriglyceridemic. Based on the calcaneal measurement, 37% of the subjects were osteopenic while 6% were osteoporotic. Based on the dietary history questionnaire, average calcium intake of the subjects was 505 ± 263 mg/d when. Their main source of calcium was obtained from vegetables (37%), dairy products (32%), meat and seafood (17%), cereal (7%), fruits (5%) and beverages (2%). Using the semi food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) for soy products the average estimated isoflavone intake for these subjects was 25 ± 15 mg/d. The most frequently consumed soy products for this population was tempeh (25%), fujook (17.4%), homemade soy bean drink (11.2%), unfried tofu (10.3%), fried tofu (8.9%), tofufah (8.4%), soft tofu (7.4%), boxed soy bean drink (7.2%) and egg tofu (4.3%). In phase three, 21 healthy postmenopausal Malay women volunteered to take part in the clinical trial for calcium absorption and apparent bioavailability study. The study was carried out at the in patient clinical trial ward of UKMMC. Only 20 subjects completed the study since one subject was excluded for not completing the urine collection. The mean age of these subjects was 57 ± 3 years and they were on average 9 ± 5 years postmenopausal. Average weight, height and BMI for these subjects were 63 ± 11 kg, 1.5 ± 0.1 m and 27 ± 4 kg/m2. Majority (55%) of these women was overweight while 20% were obese. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy absorptiometry (DXA), indicated that 50% of the subjects was osteopenic, 35% were normal and 15% were osteoporotic. Body weight was significantly correlated to the BMD of the total body (r = 0.457, p = 0.037) and neck (r = 0.507, p = 0.019). Based on 3-day food records, 20 postmenopausal Malay women have average low calcium intake of 426 ± 122 mg/d, and 30% of them have reported of not taking any milk. Their mean values for parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and serum alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were : 59.5 ± 21.6 pg/ml, 11.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml, 11.1 ± 1.8 nmol/mmol and 37.1 ± 8.3 U/L, respectively. The majority (95%) subjects had serum 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml, which are indicative of vitamin D insufficiency. Correlation analysis showed a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and BMI (r = - 0.388, p = 0.045,). About 30% of the subjects had secondary hyperparathyroidism with PTH concentrations exceed 65 pg/ml. Fractional calcium absorption from tempeh was compared to that observed from milk, using a dual stable isotope approach in a randomized cross-over design. Subjects consumed the same calcium load (130-150 mg Ca) from either milk or tempeh with a one-month washout period between each test meal. 42Ca (0.036 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to subjects prior to oral administration of 44Ca (0.272 mg/kg) in milk. All urine from subjects was collected for 24 h post-dosing in 8 h pools. Average percent calcium absorption from tempeh (36.9 ± 10.4%) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that observed from milk (34.3 ± 8.4%). Estimated calcium balance (VBal) from taking tempeh (108 ± 63 mg/d) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to milk (71 ± 64 mg/d). Apparent bioavailability of isoflavones was determined from the urinary isoflavone excretions following ingestion of 240 g tempeh (160 mg isoflavones) and milk. Tempeh consumption for day one was carried out at the clinical trial ward and the same three-8h urine pool collected for calcium absorption study at the ward was used for isoflavone study. Tempeh consumption and 24 h urine collection for day two and three was carried out at subjects’ home. DA, GE, equol (EQ) and flavone (FLA) standards eluted at mean retention time of 16.8 ± 0.1, 20.6 ± 0.1, 21.1 ± 0.1, 25.4 ± 0.1 min, respectively. An average excretion of 3.51 ± 0.62 μmol/h DA and 2.79 ± 0.35 μmol/h GE were detected after consumption of milk. DA (47.06 ± 4.18 μmol/h), GE (33.27 ± 3.71 μmol/h) and EQ (24.35 ± 4.34 μmol/h) were detected in three-8 h urine pool, following tempeh consumption (Day 1). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.453, p = 0.045) between percent calcium absorption and total isoflavone excretion in 9-16 h urine pool. Urinary isoflavone excretions following ingestion of tempeh (Day 1) were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that of the milk. The average amount of total isoflavones consumed in three days of tempeh consumption was 154.83 ± 1.82 mg per day. Total isoflavones excreted in each day one, two and three of tempeh consumption were as follows: 104.68 ± 9.21, 32.64 ± 3.18 and 30.25 ± 3.99 μmol/day, respectively. The average isoflavone excreted from three days of tempeh consumption were 26.16 ± 2.64 μmol/h DA, 16.64 ± 1.98 μmol/h GE and 13.06 ± 1.79 μmol/h EQ. Almost all subjects excreted EQ following three days of tempeh consumption. There was only one subject (5%) that can be classified as equol producer based on ratio of equol produced to daidzein consumed >0.2. Isoflavone intake of the 20 subjects was estimated to be 26 ± 13 mg per day, ranging from 6 - 58 mg. Based on SFFQ for soy products, the frequently consumed local soy products were consisted of tempeh (19.6%), fujook (16.5%), firm tofu (13.4%), fried firm tofu (11.3%), tofufah (10.3%), homemade SB drink (10.3%), boxed SB drink (7.2%), soft tofu (6.2%) and egg tofu (5.2%) In conclusion, this sample of postmenopausal Malay women has low calcium intake that achieved only 40 - 50% of the Malaysian RNI. Low intake of calcium among these subjects may be due to their predominantly non-milk based diet where 30-40% of them do not take any milk. Calcium bioavailability from tempeh provided similar amounts of absorbed calcium to that obtained from a glass of milk. These findings indicated that tempeh may have the potential to contribute significantly to the calcium needs of these postmenopausal Malay women who were at risk of low bone mass and were insufficient of vitamin D. Increased incorporation of tempeh, the affordable and available plant sources of calcium and isoflavones may contribute significantly to the calcium needs of this high-risk population and also help to reduce the abnormal serum lipid levels in majority of these subjects

Bangsa yang maju adalah bangsa yang celik sejarah

Telah menjadi kebiasaan bagi rakyat Malaysia setiap 31 Ogos kita akan merayakan sambutan kemerdekaan. Bangga sungguh kita menjadi rakyat Malaysia yang mana negaranya aman, makmur dan sejahtera. Orang luar pun suka datang dan tinggal di sini dan mereka juga mengiyakan bahawa Malaysia sungguh aman dan sejahtera. Apa yang penting, di sini tidak ada bom yang jatuh di sana dan jatuh di sini. Sebab itulah hari kemerdekaan dapat disambut dengan penuh meriah. Harus diingat sambutan kemerdekaan bukan sahaja cukup dengan meraikannya, memperingati perjuangan orang-orang terdahulu, pengisian ceramah, pertandingan esei sempena kemerdekaan, dan mengibarkan bendera. Asas untuk seseorang itu menghargai kemerdekaan dan keamanan yang dikecapi selama ini adalah dengan mempelajari dan menghayati perjalanan sejarah negara

PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) mendeskripsikan beban kerja, lingkungan kerja, kompetensi, kepuasan kerja dan kinerja pegawai (2) pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai, (3) pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai (4) pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai (5) pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, (6) pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, (7) pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai (8) pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai (9) pengaruh tidak langsung beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja, (10) pengaruh tidak langsung lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja dan (11) pengaruh tidak langsung kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Adapun yang menjadi objek penelitian ini adalah beban kerja, lingkungan kerja, kompetensi, kinerja pegawai, dan kepuasan kerja dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 155 orang. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja, lingkungan kerja, kompetensi, kinerja pegawai, dan kepuasan kerja sudah berjalan dengan baik. Hasil penelitian juga membuktikan bahwa beban kerja, lingkungan kerja dan kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, kemudian kepuasan kerja yang dirasakan oleh pegawai mempunyai pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai, beban kerja, lingkungan kerja dan kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai, hasil pembuktikan juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja, terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja pegawai dan terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja pegawai. Kata kunci : Beban Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Kompetensi, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Pegawa

Penterjemahan istilah biologi : perbandingan tiga dekad.

Artikel ini membincangkan perubahan istilah biologi dalam tempoh tiga dekad (1960-an, 1980-an, 1990-an). Kajian tertumpu pada istilah biologi yang merupakan istilah terjemahan dan pinjaman kerana bidang biologi merupakan bidang yang diimport dari negara luar, justeru memerlukan peminjaman konsep dalam bidang berkenaan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji kewujudan pola tertentu dalam pembentukan istilah pada tiga dekad yang berlainan. Kajian ini turut menyelisik sikap bahasa masyarakat terhadap istilah bahasa Melayu. Kaedah analisis teks buku istilah dan Pangkalan Data Korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) digunakan dalam kajian ini. Data yang dianalisis ialah Istilah Kajihayat, Perhutanan dan Pertanian (1968), Istilah Biologi (1988), dan Pangkalan Data Korpus DBP. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa antara tahun 1968 hingga 1988 lebih 80 peratus istilah yang dikaji telah mengalami perubahan dan perubahan tersebut dihuraikan dalam lima kategori. Selepas tempoh tersebut, iaitu dekad 1990-an, kajian mendapati hanya lima peratus istilah yang mengalami perubahan. Fakto-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan istilah tersebut juga telah dikenal pasti. Kajian juga menunjukkan sikap positif masyaraka terhadap istilah yang dihasilkan digambarkan melalui penerimaan dan penggunaan istilah tersebut dalam bahan terbitan buku dan akhbar. Selain itu, pola penggunaan istilah yang berbeza dalam tempoh yang dikaji telah berjaya dikenal pasti

Meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika melalui metode pembelajaran tuntas pada materi komposisi fungsi di kelas XI MIA 3 SMA negeri 1 Sangatta Utara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi komposisi fungsi melalui metode pembelajaran tuntas (mastery learning) di kelas XI MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara tahun pembelajaran 2015/2016.Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang masing-masing tiga kali pertemuan proses pembelajaran dan satu kali pertemuan dilakukan tes hasil belajar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Data tentang aktifitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran diperoleh melalui pengamatan dan tes selanjutnya di analisis, yang merupakan langkah analisis data secara berlanjut, berulang dan terus menerus yang meliputi 3 hal utama yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan selama dua siklus, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika pada materi komposisi fungsi di kelas XI MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara tahun pembelajaran 2015/2016 mengalami peningkatan, hal ini ditunjukan oleh: (1) Meningkatnya rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu 76,58 meningkat menjadi 88,61; (2) Meningkatnya ketuntasan belajar matematika siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I, jumlah siswa yang tuntas belajar sebanyak 21 orang siswa (58,33%) meningkat menjadi 34 orang (94,45%) pada siklus II; dan (3) Meningkatnya aktivitas siswa tiap pertemuan dari siklus I ke siklus II

CLIMATE CHANGES AND RISK ANALYSIS OF RED ONION (Allium Ascolanicum) FARMING: A CASE FROM NAGARI SANING BAKA, SOLOK, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Red Onion (Allium Ascolanicum) is a non-substituted commodity for Indonesian consumer. It is a well-known situation in Indonesia, where the fluctuation supply of some agriculture products like rice and also red onion may causes the economic inflation in one region. It is even often happening in the long Moslem Holiday since Ramadhan fasting month up to Idul Fitri Holiday where the demand of food products significantly higher than its supplies. Nagari Saning Baka is a well-known village in Solok Regency as a center of red onion production in West Sumatera Province. However, since around 1980s, secondary data from local government showed significant decreased of production area of this crop. Local farmers mentioned factor of climate, especially the uncertainty of rainfall season in this region has caused the uncertainty to produce better harvest of this red onion. Since 2000, averagely, maximum yields of red onion from this area only around 8 Ton/Ha, much lower compare to average maximum yields in Solok Regency for about 10 Ton/Ha. This study have tried to identified factors that influence the production risk of red onion in this region by using regression analysis to test some hypothetical input factors, like numbers of seed, fertilizer, volume of pesticides, frequency of pesticides applied, labor, and variety of red onion itself. The production risk as dependent variable is identified by calculating the variance of production for each farmer. This study uses cross section data by collecting information from 70 farmers as sample. As a result, the risk analysis showed that red onion farmers are facing high risk in their farm, and higher risk in hot season compare to rainy season. The expected production of red onion is only 3.2 Ton/Ha per planting season. The result for regression analysis showed that only three input factors have showed high significance in influencing the production risk of red onion, are; the use of single fertilizer, leaf fertilizer and the uses of pesticides

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN TEMPAT PARKIR DI KABUPATEN GRESIK (Studi tentang parkir di tepi jalan umum kawasan Alun-alun Gresik)

Penelitian ini didasarkan fakta bahwa sering ada pengaturan parkir yang mengganggu arus lalu lintas sehingga fungsi dan tanggung jawab dari pemerintah mengatasi masalah parkir dipertanyakan. Terdapat oknum juru parkir yang menggunakan tepi jalan umum di tempat keramaian (kawasan alun-alun Gresik) terkadang kurang memperhatikan aturan yang telah dibuat oleh Pemerintah Daerah yang menjadi tempat umum. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi dalam penelitian ini adalah alun-alun Kabupaten Gresik. Sumber data penelitian ini diperoleh dari key informan, tempat peristiwa dan lokasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian bahwa implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan tempat parkir umum di kawasan Alun-alun Gresik belum terimplementasi sepenuhnya karena masih terdapat pelanggaran yang dilakukan petugas parkir dilapangan. Dalam melayani masuk dan keluarnya kendaraan di tempat parkir belum terimplementasi sepenuhnya karena batas parkir yang seharusnya digunakan itu terkadang ada dan terkadang tidak ada. Menata kendaraan yang di parkir agar tidak mengganggu arus lalu lintas, masih belum terimplementasi dikarenakan petugas dilapangan masih adanya petugas parkir yang menata kendaraan di tepi jalan umum melebihi satu shap/ satu baris. Menjaga kebersihan dan keamanan kendaraan yang diparkir sudah terimplementasi dengan baik. Penggunakan tanda bukti (karcis) yang telah di porporasi oleh Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset petugas parkir dalam menggunakan tanda bukti (karcis) belum terimplementasi secara maksimal karena masih adanya petugas parkir yang menjadikan tanda bukti (karcis) menjadi satu fungsi saja. Karcis yang digunakan sudah sedah sesuai tetapi masih ada petugas yang menggunakan tanda bukti (karcis) menjadi satu fungsi saja. Dalam pembayaran parkir sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Kata Kunci : implementasi kebijakan, pengelolaan parkir Hak Cipt