Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide From Rainfed Rice Field Treated with Different Rice Planting Systems and Nematicide Applications at Central Java, Indonesia

Rice field is issued as a source of greenhouses gases (GHGs) emissions especially methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Rice cultural approach could mitigate GHGs emissions i.e. through rice planting systems and nematicide application. The field experiment was conducted in rainfed rice field at Pati District, Central Java to determine effect of planting systems and nematicide application on emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from rainfed rice field. The six treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates, namely transplanted rice (TR) without applying nematicide, TR + neem cake, TR + carbofuran, direct seeded rice (DSR) without applying nematicide, DSR + neem cake, DSR + carbofuran. Parameters observed were methane flux, nitrous oxide flux, organic C content in rhizosphere, soil pH, soil redox potential surrounding rhizosphere of Ciherang variety. Methane emission under transplanted rice system was generally higher than direct seeded rice system.  The treatment of DSR + neem cake resulted lowest methane emission (71 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1). The TR system emitted N2O lower significantly than the DSR system. Application of nematicide inhibitor materials decreased more effectively N2O emission. The DSR system increased significantly grain yield and N uptake, while application of nematicide materials didn’t increase grain yield but increased significantly N uptake. [How to Cite: Anicetus W and ES Harsanti. 2015. Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Rainfed Rice Field Treated with Different Rice Planting Systems and Nematicide Applications at Central Java, Indonesia. J Trop Soils 20: 127-134. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.127][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.127

Residu Insektisida Klorpirifos Dalam Tanah Dan Produk Bawang Merah Allium Ascalonicum L, Di Sentra Produksi Bawang Merah Di Kabupaten Bantul, YOGYAKARTA

Klorpirifos merupakan salah satu insektisida organofosfat yang banyak digunakan petani sayuran, termasuk bawang merah. Penggunaan insektisida tersebut pada tanaman sayuran umumnya lebih intensif daripada tanaman pangan lainnya, sehingga dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan biotik dan abiotik menjadi lebih besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan residu insektisida klorpirifos dalam tanah dan produk bawang merah di sentra produksi bawang merah Kabupaten Bantul. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Srigading, Kecamatan Sanden Kabupaataen Bantun Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan November 2010. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan cara pengambilan contoh uji tanah, air dan produk tanaman bawang merah secara komposit di lahan intensif bawang merah. Pengambilan contoh uji juga dilakukan terhadap tanaman non bawang, yaitu padi sawah sebagai pembanding. Residu insektisida klorpirifos dalam contoh dianalisis menggunakan alat kromatografi gas dengan detektor ECD sesuai dengan metode standar. Residu klorpirifos dalam produk dari pertanaman bawang merah intensif mendekati kadar batas maksimum residu yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Keputusan Bersama Menteri Kesehatan dan Menteri Pertanian: Batas Maksimum Residu (BMR) Pestisida Pada Hasil Pertanian. Ditjen Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura. Direktorat Bina Perlindungan Tanaman. Daerah yang kadar residunya melebihi BMR terdapat di Srabahan dengan kadar residu 0,0573 ppm (kadar Baku Mutu Residu 0,05 ppm). Residu klorpirifos dalam produk bawang merah nyata berkorelasi positif dengan residu klorpirifos dalam tanah, tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan residu klorpirifos dalam ai

Peranan Arang Aktif Dalam Mitigasi Residu Pestisida Pada Tanaman Komoditas Strategis

. Pesticide plays an important role in maintaining high crop yields. However, its inappropriate use affects negative impact on the environment. Its accumulation in soil, water, and agricultural products that exceed the maximum residue limit will reduce environmental quality and human health. Amelioration using activated charcoal is one of efforts to mitigate pesticide residues. Activated charcoal materials can be derived from agricultural wastes. Activated charcoal effectively reduces pesticide residues in soil and agricultural products, either organochlorine pesticides, organophosphates, or carbamates. Application of activated charcoal from coconut shell and corn cob with or without enrichment with microbial consortia effectively reduce the levels of lindane and aldrin residues in vegetable plants such as mustard

Potensi Produksi Gas Metana dari Tanah Sawah Tadah Hujan di Daerah Pantai Utara Bagian Timur Jawa Tengah

Di ekosistem sawah tadah hujan, kondisi tanah selalu mengalami Perubahan dari aerobik menjadi anaerobik secara silih berganti yang berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas metanogenesis dalam tanah. Kondisi tanah oksidatif menghambat pembentukan gas metana, sebaliknya kondisi tanah reduktif menguntungkan bakteri metanogen dalam pembentukan gas metana. Percobaan dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode inkubasi untuk mengkaji potensi produksi gas metana dari tanah sawah tadah hujan. Potensi produksi gas metana pada tanah Grumusol, Mediteran, dan Nitosol lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanah Aluvial dan Planosol. Produksi gas metana rata-rata pada tanah Grumusol, Mediteran, Nitosol, Planosol, dan Aluvial masing-masing adalah 0,15 – 0,96; 0,08 – 0,75; 0,57; 0,12; dan 0,05 – 0,17 mg CH4/g tanah. Sifat-sifat tanah sawah tadah hujan yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi gas metana adalah pH, kandungan P2O5, K2O, dan SO4 2- dalam tanah, sedangkan kandungan Fe dalam tanah berkorelasi negatif dengan fluks CH4. Kandungan bahan organik dalam tanah cenderung meningkatkan produksi gas metan

The distribution of paraquat and carbosulfan residues in Indonesia

Abstract The paraquat (Par) and carbosulfan (Carb) residue are thought to have contaminated soil, water, and plant in eight provinces of Indonesia as study sites i.e. Riau, Lampung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, and South Kalimantan. The objective of this study was to get information related the use and effects of Par and Carb. The soil samples were collected with a stainless-steel spoon. Water samples were taken using a grab sampler. Harvest panicles manually, only from upright and unlodged plants (rice). Analysis of samples were used HPLC, while for Carb residue analysis was used GC. The limit of detection of Par residue in soil were at the range of 0.0479 to 0.0597 µg g−1. Par and Carb residues are not found in water and plants (below the detection limit). The total Par and Carb residue in soil were in the range of 0.1525 to 14.4366 mg kg−1 and 0.0582 to 0.3072 mg kg−1, respectively or below the tolerance limit. Par residue distributed to all study locations, while Carb residue found in Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan Islands. The results of this study indicate that Par and Carb residues in water, soil and plants are still safe.</jats:p

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in biochar

Abstract In certain concentration PAHs has hazardous effect to the environment particularly human. PAHs have hazardous effect as carcinogen and in long period persistent in the environment. Incomplete burning of biomass in biochar production process can resulted PAHs. In agriculture, biochar functioned as soil conditioner to increase soil fertility. We have to make sure that production of biochar contains low PAHs. Our department was setting some standard methods as reference methods in Indonesia for determination of PAHs, and involved in environment research, which was very important for Indonesia. Since the most of determination of PAHs used special commercial PAHs column that was expensive, our experiment carried out the determination of PAHs in biochar using HPLC and GC/MS with common column for various analyte of C18 for HPLC and (5%-Phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane for GC/MS. Furthermore in this experiment, we were used diode aray detector and fluoresence detector in HPLC. The result showed that both HPLC and GC/MS can be used to determine PAHs only by using common column. Biochar that we produced contain 16 PAHs compound with concentration range from 0.07 to 9.36 μg/g while mean concentration of USEPA PAHs in reference biochar about 0.034 to 1.75 μg/g. Therefore, some PAHs compound were over the limit of USEPA standar in biochar</jats:p

Anticipate of Climate Change Impacts In Rainfed Lowland Rice Through Applying Appropriate Technology

Abstract Rainfed lowland covers about 2.1 million ha in Indonesia that are generally distributed in Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara. Rainfed lowland ecosystems have great potentially to be more productive agriculture to avert possible food shortage. However, productivity of rainfed lowland rice is low due to low soil fertility, lack of water resources and its infrastructure, high weeds infestation, drought stress, and susceptible to climate change. The higher rainfed lowland rice yields can be attained by implementing appropriate crop and soil management technique. Incorporating 5 ton cattle manure per ha into soil significantly increased grain yield of DSR, also improve soil tillage and supply nutrients required by rice plants. The application of composted organic matter, slow release materials, and direct seeded system could reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and water harvesting could be used as adaptation of climate change. During the TPR and the upland crops, the crops often suffer from severe drought, resulting in drastic yield reduction. One of the alternatives to solve drought stress is to collect excess water during the water surplus rainy season in on-farm reservoirs (OFR) and use the water for the dry season crops.</jats:p

A statistical model for remediation plan of endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields with agricultural waste

Abstract Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) compounds are still found in agricultural land in Indonesia. One of them is α-endosulfan which is a potent insecticide in the green revolution era. Remediation of agricultural contaminated land is needed to be a sustainable benefit. The purpose of the research is to develop a statistical model of sustainable remediation with agricultural waste in α-endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields. The study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2016 with experimental methods in the screenhouse. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments of combinations of biochar-compost manure, and three replications. The results showed different equation models in the first planting season and the second planting season. The model illustrates that α-endosulfan contamination 0.16 mg g−1 can be reduced to be below MRL by adding biochar-compost ratio 1:4. The availability of organic matter and total bacteria in the soil can reduce α-endosulfan residues. Both factors should be managed by increasing their availability in the soil. In the second season, organic C content in the soil did not significantly affect α-endosulfan residues that had been below MRL. The statistical model of α-endosulfan contaminated-land remediation can be used to plan the remediation of a pesticide-contaminated land, especially endosulfan.</jats:p