Modified Coprecipitation Synthesis of Mesostructure-Controlled Li-Rich Layered Oxides for Minimizing Voltage Degradation

Modified carbonate coprecipitation synthesis without addition of chelating agent is introduced to obtain mesostructure-controlled Li-rich layered oxides. The designed mesostructure for target material Li_1.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6O₂ has uniformly dispersed spherical secondary particles with size around 3 μm. These micrometer-sized particles consist of self-assembled crystallites with size of ∼150 nm. This unique design not only decreases the surface area compared with the sample with dispersive particles, but also increases overall structural mechanical stability compared with the sample with larger dense secondary particles as observed by transmission X-ray microscope. As a result, the voltage decay and capacity loss during long-term cycling have been minimized to a large extent. Our findings clearly demonstrate that mesostructure design of Li-rich layered oxides play a key role in optimizing this class of cathode materials. Surprisingly, the voltage fading issue can be partially mitigated by such an approach

The overall workflow of the method.

<p>The overall workflow of the method.</p

Computing time.

<p>Computing time.</p

Detected networks in cochlear and utricular cells.

(a) The cochlear network; nodes with 50 or more connections in the utricular network are colored red. (b) The utricular network; nodes with 50 or more connections in the cochlear network are colored red.</p

Top 5 GO biological pathways over-represented by highly connected genes in cochlear or utricular cells.

<p>Top 5 GO biological pathways over-represented by highly connected genes in cochlear or utricular cells.</p

Simulation results on nonlinear community detection.

Simulation results on nonlinear community detection.</p

MOESM2 of Contrasting bacterial and archaeal distributions reflecting different geochemical processes in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Keeling plot of δ13CDIC vs. 1/DIC from pore water analysis. Fig. S2. Shannon diversity index curves of sediment core from PRE. Each curve represents a sample (total 38 samples) from the core

MOESM4 of Contrasting bacterial and archaeal distributions reflecting different geochemical processes in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary

Additional file 4: Table S3. Annotations of top 100 OTUs belonging to archaeal and bacterial groups, respectively

MOESM1 of Contrasting bacterial and archaeal distributions reflecting different geochemical processes in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer used in qPCR amplification

Top 5 GO biological pathways over-represented by community 2 of cochlear cells.

<p>Top 5 GO biological pathways over-represented by community 2 of cochlear cells.</p