Equation Problem Over Central Extensions of Hyperbolic Groups

The Equation Problem in finitely presented groups asks if there exists an algorithm which determines in finite amount of time whether any given equation system has a solution or not. We show that the Equation Problem in central extensions of hyperbolic groups is solvable

Equation Problem Over Central Extensions of Hyperbolic Groups

The Equation Problem in finitely presented groups asks if there exists an algorithm which determines in finite amount of time whether any given equation system has a solution or not. We show that the Equation Problem in central extensions of hyperbolic groups is solvable

Stereospecific Transformations of Alkylboronic Esters Enabled by Direct Boron-to-Zinc Transmetalation

Chiral secondary organoboronic esters, when activated with t-butyllithium, are shown to undergo efficient stereoretentive transmetalation with either zinc acetate or zinc chloride. This reaction provides chiral secondary alkylzinc reagents that are configurationally stable under practical experimental conditions. The organozinc compounds were found to engage in stereospecific reactions with difluorocarbene, catalytic cross-couplings with palladium-based catalysts, and trifluoromethylation with a copper(III) complex. Mechanistic and computational studies shed light on the inner workings of the transmetalation event

Visible-Light-Mediated Aerobic Oxidation of Organoboron Compounds Using in Situ Generated Hydrogen Peroxide

A simple and general visible-light-mediated oxidation of organoboron compounds has been developed with rose bengal as the photocatalyst, substoichiometric Et₃N as the electron donor, as well as air as the oxidant. This mild and metal-free protocol shows a broad substrate scope and provides a wide range of aliphatic alcohols and phenols in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, the robustness of this method is demonstrated on the stereospecific aerobic oxidation of organoboron compounds

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Seeded Growth of Nucleotide Coordinated Polymers

The introduction of functional molecules to the surface of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is of critical importance. Most previously reported methods were focused on surface ligand attachment either by physisorption or covalent conjugation, resulting in limited ligand loading capacity. In this work, we report the seeded growth of a nucleotide coordinated polymer shell, which can be considered as a special form of adsorption by forming a complete shell. Among all of the tested metal ions, Fe³⁺ is the most efficient for this seeded growth. A diverse range of guest molecules, including small organic dyes, proteins, DNA, and gold NPs, can be encapsulated in the shell. All of these molecules were loaded at a much higher capacity compared to that on the naked iron oxide NP core, confirming the advantage of the coordination polymer (CP) shell. In addition, the CP shell provides better guest protein stability compared to that of simple physisorption while retaining guest activity as confirmed by the entrapped glucose oxidase assay. Use of this system as a peroxidase nanozyme and glucose biosensor was demonstrated, detecting glucose as low as 1.4 μM with excellent stability. This work describes a new way to functionalize inorganic materials with a biocompatible shell

Image2_Anoikis-related long non-coding RNA signatures to predict prognosis and small molecular drug response in cervical cancer.JPEG

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health threat to females, and distal metastasis is common in patients with advanced CC. Anoikis is necessary for the development of distal metastases. Understanding the mechanisms associated with anoikis in CC is essential to improve its survival rate.Methods: The expression matrix of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) patients was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and highly relevant anoikis-related lncRNAs (ARLs) were identified by the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method. ARLs-related molecular subtypes were discerned based on prognosis-related ARLs. ARLs-related prognostic risk score (APR_Score) was calculated and risk model was constructed using LASSO COX and COX models. In addition, we also assessed immune cell activity in the immune microenvironment (TME) for both subtypes and APR_Score groups. A nomogram was utilized for predicting improved clinical outcome. Finally, this study also discussed the potential of ARLs-related signatures in predicting response to immunotherapy and small molecular drugs.Results: Three ARLs-related subtypes were identified from TCGA-CESC (AC1, AC2, and AC3), with AC3 patients having the highest ARG scores, higher angiogenesis scores, and the worst prognosis. AC3 had lower immune cell scores in TME but higher immune checkpoint gene expression and higher potential for immune escape. Next, we constructed a prognostic risk model consisting of 7-ARLs. The APR_Score exhibited a greater robustness as an independent prognostic indicator in predicting prognosis, and the nomogram was a valuable tool for survival prediction. ARLs-related signatures emerged as a potential novel indicator for immunotherapy and small molecular drug selection.Conclusion: We firstly constructed novel ARLs-related signatures capable of predicting prognosis and offered novel ideas for therapy response in CC patients.</p

Image_2_Development and validation of tools for predicting the risk of death and ICU admission of non-HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.PNG

IntroductionThe mortality rate of non-HIV-infected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is high. This research aimed to develop and validate two clinical tools for predicting the risk of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in non-HIV-infected patients with PCP to reduce mortality.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2012 and 2021. All proven and probable non-HIV-infected patients with PCP were included. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to select the high-risk prognostic parameters. In the validation, the receiver operating characteristic curve and concordance index were used to quantify the discrimination performance. Calibration curves were constructed to assess the predictive consistency compared with the actual observations. A likelihood ratio test was used to compare the tool and CURB-65 score.ResultsIn total, 508 patients were enrolled in the study. The tool for predicting death included eight factors: age, chronic lung disease, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytomegalovirus infection, shock, and invasive mechanical ventilation. The tool for predicting ICU admission composed of the following factors: respiratory rate, dyspnea, lung moist rales, LDH, BUN, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, and pleural effusion. In external validation, the two clinical models performed well, showing good AUCs (0.915 and 0.880) and fit calibration plots. Compared with the CURB-65 score, our tool was more informative and had a higher predictive ability (AUC: 0.880 vs. 0.557) for predicting the risk of ICU admission.ConclusionIn conclusion, we developed and validated tools to predict death and ICU admission risks of non-HIV patients with PCP. Based on the information from the tools, clinicians can tailor appropriate therapy plans and use appropriate monitoring levels for high-risk patients, eventually reducing the mortality of those with PCP.</p

Image_1_Development and validation of tools for predicting the risk of death and ICU admission of non-HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.JPEG

IntroductionThe mortality rate of non-HIV-infected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is high. This research aimed to develop and validate two clinical tools for predicting the risk of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in non-HIV-infected patients with PCP to reduce mortality.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2012 and 2021. All proven and probable non-HIV-infected patients with PCP were included. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to select the high-risk prognostic parameters. In the validation, the receiver operating characteristic curve and concordance index were used to quantify the discrimination performance. Calibration curves were constructed to assess the predictive consistency compared with the actual observations. A likelihood ratio test was used to compare the tool and CURB-65 score.ResultsIn total, 508 patients were enrolled in the study. The tool for predicting death included eight factors: age, chronic lung disease, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytomegalovirus infection, shock, and invasive mechanical ventilation. The tool for predicting ICU admission composed of the following factors: respiratory rate, dyspnea, lung moist rales, LDH, BUN, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, and pleural effusion. In external validation, the two clinical models performed well, showing good AUCs (0.915 and 0.880) and fit calibration plots. Compared with the CURB-65 score, our tool was more informative and had a higher predictive ability (AUC: 0.880 vs. 0.557) for predicting the risk of ICU admission.ConclusionIn conclusion, we developed and validated tools to predict death and ICU admission risks of non-HIV patients with PCP. Based on the information from the tools, clinicians can tailor appropriate therapy plans and use appropriate monitoring levels for high-risk patients, eventually reducing the mortality of those with PCP.</p

Image1_Anoikis-related long non-coding RNA signatures to predict prognosis and small molecular drug response in cervical cancer.JPEG

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health threat to females, and distal metastasis is common in patients with advanced CC. Anoikis is necessary for the development of distal metastases. Understanding the mechanisms associated with anoikis in CC is essential to improve its survival rate.Methods: The expression matrix of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) patients was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and highly relevant anoikis-related lncRNAs (ARLs) were identified by the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method. ARLs-related molecular subtypes were discerned based on prognosis-related ARLs. ARLs-related prognostic risk score (APR_Score) was calculated and risk model was constructed using LASSO COX and COX models. In addition, we also assessed immune cell activity in the immune microenvironment (TME) for both subtypes and APR_Score groups. A nomogram was utilized for predicting improved clinical outcome. Finally, this study also discussed the potential of ARLs-related signatures in predicting response to immunotherapy and small molecular drugs.Results: Three ARLs-related subtypes were identified from TCGA-CESC (AC1, AC2, and AC3), with AC3 patients having the highest ARG scores, higher angiogenesis scores, and the worst prognosis. AC3 had lower immune cell scores in TME but higher immune checkpoint gene expression and higher potential for immune escape. Next, we constructed a prognostic risk model consisting of 7-ARLs. The APR_Score exhibited a greater robustness as an independent prognostic indicator in predicting prognosis, and the nomogram was a valuable tool for survival prediction. ARLs-related signatures emerged as a potential novel indicator for immunotherapy and small molecular drug selection.Conclusion: We firstly constructed novel ARLs-related signatures capable of predicting prognosis and offered novel ideas for therapy response in CC patients.</p

Apoptosis of gADSCs, gADSCs–pDsRed2-1, gMDSCs and gMDSCs–pDsRed2-1.

<p>The percentages of apoptotic and early apoptotic cells were 0.00% and 0.00%, and 0.00% and 0.09%, respectively, in 50th generation gADSCs and gMDSCs. The percentages of apoptotic and early apoptotic cells were 0.03% and 0.01%, and 0.02% and 0.25%, respectively, in 10th generation gADSCs–pDsRed2-1 and gMDSCs–pDsRed2-1. gADSCs, goat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; gMDSCs, goat muscle-derived satellite cells.</p