Refractive index sensor with asymmetrical tapered fiber based on evanescent field sensing

We report and demonstrate a single-mode asymmetric tapered fiber as a refractive index (RI) sensor based on evanescent field sensing. The proposed setup managed to sense the changes of RI when the tapered region was exposed to different concentrations of Sodium chloride (NaCl). This was possible due to the output interference spectrum shifting in response to the changes of RI. Different environmental sensitivities were achieved by manipulating the transition lengths of the tapered fiber. Experimental results depict RI sensitivities of 3914.7 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 3395.7 nm/RIU for taper profiles with down-taper transition lengths of 2 mm and 8 mm, respectively, which is higher than previously reported asymmetric taper RI sensors. Such findings may find itself beneficial in low cost, reliable and simplified sensors

Linking The Customer Knowledge Management with Software Quality: An Empirical Study of Software Development Organizations in Pakistan

The aim of research was to enhance the Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) which has high impact on the quality of software products. In Enterprise Software (ES) development the Customer knowledge management is still immature. This raises the question of how CKM enablers can be used to help ES development companies improve the quality of their software. In this study, human, organizational and technical CKM enablers Were recognized by literature. The results of the study showed that CKM enablers can help to improve the quality of software products in Pakistan. Framework for CKM can help software development organizations to improve software quality as well and will also reduce cost and gain market reputation with competent trained resources. Results showed that "customer involvement" with "trust" were the most influential factors, followed by "CRM technology infrastructure" and "cross-functional co-operation". Furthermore, "there was no impact from the organizational Training "," customer knowledge map ", and" CKM strategy development ". The results also showed that the impact of CKM on software quality is significant. The results of the study also highlighted all the potential factors that are beneficial in influencing the CKM for quality improvement of ES in Pakistan

A Qualitative Study on Development of Enriching Performance Management System at a Pharma-Company

This case study aimed to develop a sample of enriching the performance management system using qualitative method. The job post of Import Executive in a pharma company has been selected as a sample. After taking consent from the management, a semi-structured interview approach with all related employees was undertaken. A comparison of existing performance management system was done with three other organizations of the same industry to provide a more comprehensive approach. Firstly, a systematic job evaluation was performed to transform traditional job description into competency based job description and implement job specific performance appraisal. This resulted in enrichment of performance management system. Peer evaluation and appraisal training for the supervisors have been suggested for a more comprehensive insight and a greater employee satisfaction with the performance management process

The Association Between Conflict Management Style and Organizational Commitment: A Case of Private University

Introduction: An organization is an institution in which many people work together for particular purpose like a government department (Surbhi, 2017). Organization is form from three component: man, material and money. Employees are main asset of any organization. Without employee no organization can run. In organization people belong from different background e.g. areas, education, language, race, religion, expertise. It is necessary employee should join organization with commitment. Organizational commitment is a form of individual behaviour showing the willingness of employees to fully contribute in the process of achieving organizational goals (Nazarudin, Arif et al. 2016). Organization commitment increase the organization output and growth. In organization where many people work together conflict arise due to many issues. If conflict is not properly manage it has great impact on organization commitment at level of individual group and university For example work disruptions, decreased productivity, project failure, absenteeism, turnover and termination. Bonds cited in his study (Crowley, 2013) that Gallup researcher found in 2012 that 52%of US employees felt emotionally depressed and separated from their job, 18% employee regularly show their sadness and unwillingness to their organization. Bonds also cited Hay group study that concluded 5% employee turnout rate increased annually. Objective: The objective of this study was to find association between conflict management style and organization commitment at private university of Lahore. Methods: A correlational research study was conducted in university of Lahore. Structured knowledge questionnaire delivered to the managerial member of university. The setting was involve all departments of university of Lahore. The target population was composed of managerial faculty who manage the department e.g. head of department, director, coordinator, manager, assistant manager, admin officer, assistant admin officer. Non Probability Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Results: The findings showed that management of university uses the five styles of conflict management, which are forcing, avoiding, cooperation, compromising and accommodating; the results indicated also that four of the five conflict management styles including cooperation, compromising, avoiding and accommodating were found to have positive relationship with organizational commitment at the levels of individual, group and university. Conclusion: It is concluded that management of university of Lahore mostly use forcing style to resolve conflict. There is positive relationship between conflict management style and organization commitment. Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Management, Organization Commitment, university DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/62-13 Publication date:May 31st 201

Study of EDC/NHS immobilization for plumbous detection using surface plasmon resonance

The presence of plumbous (Pb2+) in Irrigation water is harmful for the environment as well as human health. Herein, a simple yet effective sensor for Pb2+ detection is presented utilizing a surface plasmon resonance technique. The proposed sensor consists of a combination of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were attached to a gold layer offers a new option for heavy metal detection. The EDC/NHS works as a sensing layer that able to detect Pb2+ down to 15 ppm that matches with the United States Environment Protection Agency

Impact of Financial Risk on Financial Performance of Banks in Pakistan; the Mediating Role of Capital Adequacy Ratio

Financial risks, cover credit, liquidity and operational risks, are the risks which banks face during their operations and all these risks have severe impact on the profitability of banks. The Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduces Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) to overcome uncertainties and possible losses (Risk) to the banks. In this context, the aim in this study is to identify impact of financial risk on financial performance of banks in Pakistan with mediating role of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The findings show that credit and liquidity risks have negative relationship with financial performance, whereas operational risk has a positive relationship with financial performance and capital adequacy ratio of banks in Pakistan. This study is useful in devising the rules and regulations by the regulators (Basel Committee and State Bank of Pakistan) for risk measurement and management by the banking sector.&nbsp

Patient-Specific Design of Prosthesis for Below Knee Amputee: Analysis Between Different Gait

Major that often associated with prosthetic leg are poor comfort and high cost. The study is conducted to construct custom-made passive below knee prosthesis and to analyse the response to applied load in different gait condition. The scope of the study is the utilization of three-dimensional printing material, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in the manufacturing of prosthetic leg socket and pylon whereas the foot made from polyurethane. By using the Sense three-dimensional scanner, the subject\u27s residual leg was scanned. SolidWorks and Meshmixer were the software used for the three-dimensional designing of prosthetic leg parts. By using 3-Matic, aligning and meshing were carried out. von Mises stress and displacement of model applied with axial load were obtained from simulation using Marc Mentat. The load applied for midstance, heel strike and toe off phases were 350 N, 1545 N and 2450 N, respectively. The constraints position was different for each phase. The peak stress of the model was reported during toe off (20.86 MPa) followed by heel strike (13.41 MPa) and midstance (4.89 MPa). The stress during all three phases not exceeding the yield of respective materials. In displacement, the model experience highest displacement (54.95 MPa) during toe off and the lowest during midstance (6 mm). In conclusion prosthetic leg with ABS components shows acceptable durability during different gait

Human Dynamics of Street Administration: A Study on Traffic Wardens in Karachi

The study investigated the myriad of psychological and physical stress factors affecting traffic wardens in Karachi. It was hypothesized that traffic wardens do not feel satisfied or stressed with their jobs and also that job tenure has no relation to their job satisfaction and stress. A mixed method approach with 15 semi-structured interviews and 50 survey form was adopted using convenient sampling. Job stress and satisfaction was measured using a self-made questionnaire (a =.797 & .582). Analysis indicated that traffic wardens were satisfied with their jobs and employment duration was not found to be associated with job satisfaction and stress.  

Impact of high-oil diets with bile acids or bovine bile extracts on growth performance and histomorphology of liver and intestine in grower broilers

This study investigated the effects of supplementing high-fat starter diets with bovine bile extract (BBE) and commercial bile acid (CBA) on growth performance, organ morphology, histomorphology of the small intestine and liver, fat digestibility, and economic outcomes in broilers during the starter phase. A total of 336 Cobb strain day-old chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary regimens: BF (basal fat), HF (high fat), HF+CBA (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), and HF+BBE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg), with six replicates per regimen. The feeding trial was conducted from days 7 to 21. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts and polynomial analysis. Results showed that CBA at low levels significantly increased body weight gain (P = 0.02). Additionally, BBE supplementation significantly increased body weight gain (P = 0.05), performance index (P = 0.03), and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.04). HF+CBA (200) and HF+BBE (600) treatments significantly reduced FCR (P = 0.01) and improved the performance index (P = 0.02) by day 21. CBA also significantly increased pancreatic weight (P = 0.02) and villus height (P = 0.01). BBE significantly reduced bile weight (P = 0.03), increased ileum weight (P = 0.04), and extended the length of the large intestine (P < 0.01). Economically, the treatments BF vs HF HF+CBA (200) and HF+BBE (600) increased revenue by 5.25% and IOFC by 12.29%, while HF+CBA (200) vs HF+BBE (600) raised IOFC by 9.71%. In conclusion, supplementing high-fat diets with CBA and BBE improved growth performance, digestive organ efficiency, and economic outcomes, and BBE at 600 mg/kg was identified as the optimal dose for supplementation

Academic Integrity: Effects of Demographic Variables on Students’ Conduct

This study aimed to find out the effects of demographic variable i.e. gender, age, group of studies, GPA etc. on level of academic integrity among Pakistani students. The design of the study is quantitative in nature, in which the survey research method was employed to gather data from the respondents. A self-reported questionnaire was adapted on the basis of previously developed and validated questionnaire, with the consent of the authors. The developed scale was validated with the help of experts and pilot tested. Multilevel stratified convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 4 provinces and federal area of Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 versio