CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IGLESIA SOBRE LA ERMITA DE LA LUZ [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

<i>Innovatiocaris</i>, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta

Supplementary figures S1–S8

<i>Innovatiocaris</i>, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta

Character list for phylogenetic analysis

<i>Innovatiocaris</i>, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta

Phylogenetic data matrix 1

<i>Innovatiocaris</i>, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta

Phylogenetic data matrix 2

Morphology of diverse radiodontan head sclerites from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, south-west China

<p>Recorded in exceptionally preserved Lagerstätten, the radiodontans (including anomalocaridids) are cosmopolitan, soft-bodied, stem-group euarthropods that inhabited Palaeozoic seas. They are notable for their unique morphology, peculiar ecology and basal position in euarthropod evolution. The early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte has yielded some of the oldest radiodontans, including three unquestionable taxa – <i>Anomalocaris saron</i> Hou <i>et al</i>., 1995, <i>Amplectobelua symbrachiata</i> Hou <i>et al</i>., 1995 and <i>Lyrarapax unguispinus</i> Cong <i>et al</i>., 2014 – based on articulated specimens. However, recent discoveries of the Burgess Shale <i>Hurdia</i> Walcott, 1912 and the Fezouata <i>Aegirocassis benmoulae</i> Van Roy <i>et al</i>., 2015 highlight the presence of another radiodontan group (Hurdiidae) characterized by a tripartite head sclerite complex consisting of one central element and a pair of lateral elements. Here, we describe six morphotypes of possible hurdiid head sclerite elements from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, some of which are closely associated with other typical radiodontan body parts. These, recognized as central elements, include two new species of the same new genus, <i>Tauricornicaris latizonae</i> gen. et sp. nov. and <i>T</i>. <i>oxygonae</i> gen. et sp. nov., and a former bivalved euarthropod, <i>Zhenghecaris shankouensis</i> Vannier <i>et al</i>., 2006. Another three unnamed sclerite elements are identified as lateral elements. These sclerite elements from Chengjiang provide detailed anatomy, such as mammillary tubercles and soft-tissue reticulate structure, to help understand the morphology and biology of all hurdiid head sclerites. A common single dorsal plate in <i>Anomalocaris saron</i> and <i>Amplectobelua symbrachiata</i> is confirmed. Although the morphologically diverse central and lateral elements of the Hurdiidae and the conserved dorsal plate of the Anomalocarididae + Amplectobeluidae reflect a major distinction in radiodontan body plans, they share a fundamental structure of double layers of cuticle. The Chengjiang specimens not only clarify the morphology and biology of the radiodontan head sclerites in general, but also illuminate the diversity and disparity of radiodontans in their early evolutionary history.</p> <p><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0590390-A85A-493A-8529-B2DF64D91169" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0590390-A85A-493A-8529-B2DF64D91169</a></p

CT of the paraumbilical and ensiform veins in patients with superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction

<div><p>The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the anastomoses between the paraumbilical and systemic veins, particularly the ensiform veins. The connections with the ensiform veins have received little attention in the anatomical and radiological literature, and remain incompletely described. Too small to be reliably traced in normal CT scans, the paraumbilical veins can dilate in response to increased blood flow from systemic veins in superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO), allowing a study of their arrangement and connections. Collateral paraumbilical veins were therefore analyzed retrospectively in 28 patients with SVCO using CT. We observed inferior and superior groups of collateral vessels in 23/28 (82%) and 17/28 (61%) patients, respectively. Inferior veins ascended towards the liver and drained into portal veins (19/28, 68%) or the umbilical vein (8/28, 29%); superior veins descended and drained into portal veins. The inferior veins (N = 27) could be traced to ensiform veins in almost all of the cases (26/27, 96%), and a little over half (14/27, 52%) were also traceable to subcutaneous and deep epigastric veins. They were opacified by ensiform (25/27, 93%), deep epigastric (4/27, 15%) and subcutaneous (4/27, 15%) veins. The superior veins (N = 17) were supplied by diaphragmatic (13/17, 76%) and ensiform veins (4/17, 24%); the diaphragmatic veins were branches of collateral internal thoracic, left pericardiacophrenic and anterior mediastinal veins. Collateral ensiform veins were observed in 22 patients and anastomosed with internal thoracic (19/22, 86%), superior epigastric (9/22, 41%), diaphragmatic (4/22, 18%), subcutaneous (3/22, 14%) and anterior mediastinal veins (1/22, 5%). These observations show that the paraumbilical veins communicate with ensiform, deep epigastric, subcutaneous and diaphragmatic veins, joining the liver to the properitoneal fat pad, anterior trunk, diaphragm and mediastinum. In SVCO, the most common sources of collateral flow to the paraumbilical veins are the ensiform and diaphragmatic branches of the internal thoracic veins.</p></div

Clinical features of 28 patients with superior vena cava (SVC) or left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) obstruction and collateral paraumbilical veins.

Clinical features of 28 patients with superior vena cava (SVC) or left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) obstruction and collateral paraumbilical veins.</p

Inferior paraumbilical vein.

CT venogram of chest in a 56-year-old woman with SVC obstruction. (A) Slightly oblique 7.5-mm coronal maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) shows an inferior paraumbilical vein (arrowhead) terminating at the umbilical notch of the liver (asterisk). It is predominantly opacified by two tributaries continuous with ensiform vessels (right-left arrow). A third tributary (curved arrow) joins a subcutaneous vein (not shown). The apparent discontinuity in the right ensiform vessel is due to tortuosity. Also shown is the umbilical vein (straight arrow). X, xiphoid process. (B) Oblique transverse 7-mm MIP demonstrates the inferior vein (arrowhead) joining dilated terminal portal vessels in segments IV and III at the margin of the liver. The terminal vessels in segment IV drain into an expanded second- or third-order portal branch that empties into the distal left portal vein (LPVu) resulting in antegrade opacification of an adjacent second- or third-order portal branch (curved arrow) in segment IV and of portal branches in segments III and IV posteriorly. The collateral ensiform veins (straight arrows) are shown in the properitoneal fat pad.</p

Sources of collateral flow to the paraumbilical veins.

<p>Sources of collateral flow to the paraumbilical veins.</p