Dietary Self-Selection by Laying Hens Offered Choices of Feed

A short telm dietary self-selection experiment (28 days) was conducted with laying hens fed three treatments (Tl-T3) consisting of a commercially available layer feed (1'1, single choice), commercially available layer feed and oyster shell grit offered separately (T2, two choices) and a com mixture, soyabean meal mixture and oyster shell grit offered sejJarately (T3, three choices). Measurement of feed intake was divided into three feeding periods, from 0800-1200h, 1200-1600h and 1600-0800h. Feed and water' were available ad Ii bitum. Hens were raised under' 15 hour Photo period. Feed, energy and protein intakes were significantly better' on the commercial diet and lower in the other' two treatments. Calcium intake was significantly lower on the single choice and three choice diets. In all treatments, the hens tended to consume more feed during the pel10d between 1600-0800h (40.8-45.8% feed consumed), that is very late in the evening and very early in the morning. Similar amounts of feed (26.2-29.7% of feed consumed) were consumed between 0800-1200h and 1200-1600h. egg production, egg mass and feed conversion were significantly better' on the two and three-choice diets as compared to the single diet. There was no difJeI'ence in egg weight among the three treatments

The Effects of Variation in Dietary Protein and Energy Concentrations on Broiler Performance in the Tropics

In two broiler experiments, six linearly programmed least~cost diets were formulated at two dietary 'energy concentrations (12.6 and 24.2 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) kg-I and three protein contents (73, 63 and 52 MJ ME kg crude protein-I). In the first experiment, four groups each of eight broiler cockerels were allocated to each diet, and in the second, four groups of ten males and often females were allocated to each diet. Similar trends were observed in both experiments. Increasing the dietary energy concentration improved, substantially, the growth rate and feed conversion ratio of chickens. Birds tended to grow faster on the three low-energy diets with increasing dietary protein content; feed conversion ratio also improved. On the three high-energy diets, the best growth rate was observed on the diet with the lowest protein content although feed conversion ratio tended to improve as dietary protein content increased. It was concluded that the addition of palm oil to the three high-energe diets improved their net energy content and may have increased availability of amino acids in order to account for the improved performance on these diets, particularly that with the lowest crude protein content

Corporate criminal liability under,the companies act / Ramlah Hamid

Initially, it was said that a corporation had no mind, could not will, and so could not personally entertain the intent necessary to commit crimes. Powers were never explicitly conferred enabling the corporation to commit crimes. Therefore, it was said, the commission of any crime was necessary ultra vires a corporation and could not be imputed to it.But now, the question of whether a company ought, on grounds of public policy, to be made criminally liable has been answered in the affirmative by the courts. As we have seen now, the law which stands today is that a company may be prosecuted for the crimes of its officers or employees if the statute creating the offence is intepreted as imposing liability on the employer as well as on the officer or employe

Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir: Pemberdayaan Komunitas Nelayan Sipatuo melalui Penanaman Mangrove di Kelurahan Tahoa, Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara

Wilayah pesisir sering kali menjadi sasaran bencana alam, yang dapat berdampak serius pada komunitas nelayan. Pengurangan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir dapat meningkatkan risiko banjir, erosi pantai, dan gelombang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dalam program kegiatan Kosabangsa (Kolaborasi Sosial Membangun Masyarakat), pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu komunitas nelayan Sipatuo di Kelurahan Tahoa, Sulawesi Tenggara dalam menghadapi masalah bencana di wilayah pesisir yang merupakan tempat bermukim mereka. Kegiatan penanaman pohon mangrove dilakukan sebagai cara untuk melindungi pantai dan meningkatkan pemahaman komunitas tentang pentingnya pohon mangrove. Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam sosialisasi dan penanaman mangrove. Hasilnya sangat positif, dengan pemahaman masyarakat meningkat sekitar 18%, dan hampir semua orang ikut berpartisipasi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat efektif dalam memberikan pengetahuan kepada Masyarakat pesisir. Kegiatan pengabdian ini penting dalam upaya pelestarian lingkungan pesisir di wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara. Perlu diadakan penelitian  untuk melihat dampak jangka panjang dari upaya mitigasi bencana pesisir dan bagaimana pelestarian mangrove dapat membantu komunitas dalam menghadapi bencana pesisir.Wilayah pesisir sering kali menjadi sasaran bencana alam, yang dapat berdampak serius pada komunitas nelayan. Pengurangan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir dapat meningkatkan risiko banjir, erosi pantai, dan gelombang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dalam kerangka program Kosabangsa (Kolaborasi Sosial Membangun Masyarakat), pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu komunitas nelayan Sipatuo di Kelurahan Tahoa, Sulawesi Tenggara dalam menghadapi masalah bencana di pesisir mereka. Kegiatan penanaman pohon mangrove dilakukan sebagai cara untuk melindungi pantai dan meningkatkan pemahaman komunitas tentang pentingnya pohon mangrove. Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam sosialisasi dan penanaman mangrove. Hasilnya sangat positif, dengan pemahaman masyarakat meningkat sekitar 18%, dan hampir semua orang ikut berpartisipasi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran melalui praktik nyata sangat efektif. Pengabdian ini penting dalam upaya pelestarian lingkungan pesisir. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat dampak jangka panjang dari upaya ini dan bagaimana pelestarian mangrove dapat membantu komunitas dalam menghadapi bencana pesisir

Water intake of laying hens after exposure to a warm climate

1. The water intake of laying hens was measured after exposure for 4 h to an ambient temperature (TA ) of 35 or 40 °C. 2. Water intake increased continuously over 1 h but did not exceed a mean value of 80% of water lost by evaporation. There was considerable variation between birds

Production systems of village chickens

A survey was carried out to study the production systems of village chicken with respect to identification of physical characteristics of breed, management and housing systems in several selected villages in Negeri Sembilan and Selangor. A total of 39 farmers were selected in this survey. The results indicated that the flock size were very small (23.1±5.6 to 52.0±23.1 birds), mainly reared under free range system and mixed farming were practiced especially with ducks. Two types of housing system were practiced by the farmers namely dirt floor and raised floor systems. The house design that were extensively seen were one with lean to roof type with wooden wall and slatted floor. Feeders and waterers were not widely used. The chicken were also provided with feed supplements such as wheat and paddy. Performances in term of growth and laying characteristic were low and there is no typical breed physical characteristics

Trial of CGA-72662 (Larvadex) as a feed additive for controlling flies breeding in caged chicken manure

CGA-72662 (LARVADEX) was tried as a feed additive for controlling flies breeding in poultry manure. At 5 ppm it was able to completely suppress development of fly larvae in 45 days of feeding onwards and continued to be effective for about 25 days post withdrawal of the medicated feed. An increase in egg production was observed when LAR VADEX was added to the feed. There was also an improvement in feed efficienc

FABRICATION OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE USING ADDTIVE TO EXTRACT HORMONE FROM POULTRY WASTEWATER

Steroidal hormones such as 17β-estradiol produced by humans and animals are regularly being released into the environment in their active forms. As the demand of chicken is increasing nowadays, there is a need to evaluate and assess the concentration of hormones in the poultry wastewater. In this study, a simple ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated to extract the hormones in the poultry wastewater from Kuala Garing, Rawang Selangor. Self-doped, sulfonated forms of polyaniline-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PANi-PVP) are blend into polysulfone (PSf) and N- methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) ultrafiltration membranes to enhance the hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. The Sulfonated Polyaniline-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (SPANi-PVP) polymer was dedoped at varying concentrations of PANi-PVP additive. Their concentrations vary from 0.5% of PANi-PVP, 1% PANi-PVP, 1.5% PANi-PVP, 2% PANi-PVP to 2.5% PANi-PVP. These newly fabricated ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes which containing increasing amounts of PANi-PVP was than tested for tap water permeability and hormone 17β-estradiol filtration from the poultry wastewater. The result of the study justify that, as the PANi-PVP concentration increased, the rejection of solute increased while the permeate flux decreased. The highest rejection of 17β- estradiol (E2) from the poultry wastewater was 92.5% with the mass of 17β- estradiol retained is 0.37ng/L. This was obtained from the highest amount of PANi-PVP concentration in the membrane which is 2.5wt%. However, the permeate flux for this 2.5wt% of PANi-PVP membrane was to slow compared to other membranes that has lower amount of PANi-PVP concentration. This is due to the higher the PANi-PVP concentration, a thicker and denser membrane skin layer was formed. </jats:p

A Comprehensive Study of Students’ Challenges and Perceptions of Emergency Remote Education During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review

Since year 2020, researchers have conducted research on challenges and perceptions of emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL) during the COVID-19 pandemic on students. Many studies were conducted on the effectiveness of online learning, but there is a lack of studies on ERTL where online learning differs from ERTL. Thus, this study aims to identify the challenges and perceptions of students on ERTL during the early COVID-19. The methodology employed in this study are systematic literature review which used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), synthesis analysis and quality appraisal to review 51 selected articles. These articles are from two publishers (ScienceDirect and IEEE) and two databases (ERIC and Scopus). This study revealed that students experienced four types of challenges during the early period of ERTL namely technological, pedagogical, personal, and social issues. However, students have positive perceptions toward ERTL to pursue their studies during the difficult period. This study highlighted the students’ challenges and perceptions of ERTL during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education. It is believed that this study will help future researchers to develop a strategic ERTL specifically for implementation during any crises in the future