Pericellular Matrix Enhances Retention and Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles

A hydrated gel-like pericellular matrix (PCM) covers the surface of all eukaryotic cells and plays a key role in many cellular events, but its effect on nanoparticle internalization has not been studied. Here, using cells with various PCM thicknesses and gold nanoparticles as probes, we demonstrate that, rather than being a barrier to all foreign objects, the PCM can entrap and accumulate NPs, restrict and slow down their diffusion, and enhance their cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, this newly discovered PCM function consumes energy and seems to be an integral part of the receptor-mediated endocytosis process. These findings are important in understanding the delivery mechanisms of nanocarriers for biomedical applications

Additional file 1 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 1: Table S1. A summary of the datasets analyzed

Pericellular Matrix Enhances Retention and Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles

A hydrated gel-like pericellular matrix (PCM) covers the surface of all eukaryotic cells and plays a key role in many cellular events, but its effect on nanoparticle internalization has not been studied. Here, using cells with various PCM thicknesses and gold nanoparticles as probes, we demonstrate that, rather than being a barrier to all foreign objects, the PCM can entrap and accumulate NPs, restrict and slow down their diffusion, and enhance their cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, this newly discovered PCM function consumes energy and seems to be an integral part of the receptor-mediated endocytosis process. These findings are important in understanding the delivery mechanisms of nanocarriers for biomedical applications

Additional file 3 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 3: Fig. S1. Comparisons of the expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes among the sarcoma subtypes. The one-way ANOVA test P-values are shown. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Additional file 7 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 7: Fig. S4. Overlaps between our subtyping and other subtyping of sarcoma in TCGA-SARC. (A) Proportions of our subtypes in six types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: DDLPS, LMS (ULMS and STLMS), UPS, MFS, MPNST, and SS. (B) Proportions of our subtypes in the immune subtypes of sarcomas. (C) Proportions of the five subgroups (Clusters A-E) in our subtypes

Pericellular Matrix Enhances Retention and Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles

A hydrated gel-like pericellular matrix (PCM) covers the surface of all eukaryotic cells and plays a key role in many cellular events, but its effect on nanoparticle internalization has not been studied. Here, using cells with various PCM thicknesses and gold nanoparticles as probes, we demonstrate that, rather than being a barrier to all foreign objects, the PCM can entrap and accumulate NPs, restrict and slow down their diffusion, and enhance their cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, this newly discovered PCM function consumes energy and seems to be an integral part of the receptor-mediated endocytosis process. These findings are important in understanding the delivery mechanisms of nanocarriers for biomedical applications

Additional file 5 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 5: Fig. S2. Heatmap showing top 30 genes with the most significant upregulation of methylation levels in each of the three subtypes

Additional file 6 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 6: Fig. S3. Positive correlations between the expression levels of 19 proteins significantly upregulated in Imm-C and immune signature scores in TCGA-SARC. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Additional file 4 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 4: Table S3. Pearson correlations between the methylation levels and expression levels of the genes having significantly different methylation levels among the sarcoma subtypes

Additional file 2 of Subtyping of sarcomas based on pathway enrichment scores in bulk and single cell transcriptomes

Additional file 2: Table S2. Pathways, immune signatures, and biological processes and their marker genes