Descriptive statistics of soil variables^a.

<p>^aSD = standard deviation, CV = coefficient of variation, BD = bulk density, GC = gravel content, CEC = cation exchange capacity and SOC = soil organic carbon</p><p>Descriptive statistics of soil variables<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0119175#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the right V1 in PAs compared with HCs.

Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the right V1 in PAs compared with HCs.</p

Semivariogram models and model parameters for ln(SOC) in the Moso bamboo forest of Jian’ou City, southern China

<p>Semivariogram models and model parameters for ln(SOC) in the Moso bamboo forest of Jian’ou City, southern China</p

Spatial distribution of soil samples in Jian’ou City, southern China.

<p>Spatial distribution of soil samples in Jian’ou City, southern China.</p

DEM of Jian’ou City, southern China.

<p>DEM of Jian’ou City, southern China.</p

Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the left V2 in PAs compared with HCs.

<p>(a) Statistical parametric map (axial view). (b) The dark arrow indicates left thalamus pulvinar. The cyan-blue colors indicate increased FC with the left V2 in the PAs versus the HCs, whereas the yellow-red colors indicate decreased FC for the same comparison (p<0.05, AlphaSim corrected).</p

Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the left MT+ in PAs compared with HCs.

<p>(a) Statistical parametric map (axial view). (b) The arrow indicates part of left thalamus. The cyan-blue colors indicate increased FC with the left MT+ in the PAs compared with the HCs, whereas the yellow-red colors indicate decreased FC. (p<0.05, AlphaSim corrected).</p

Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the right MT+ in PAs compared with HCs.

<p>Brain areas exhibited significantly different FCs with the right MT+ in PAs compared with HCs.</p

Spatial Variability of the Topsoil Organic Carbon in the Moso Bamboo Forests of Southern China in Association with Soil Properties

<div><p>Understanding the spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) must be enhanced to improve sampling design and to develop soil management strategies in terrestrial ecosystems. Moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys pubescens</i> Mazel ex Houz.) forests have a high SOC storage potential; however, they also vary significantly spatially. This study investigated the spatial variability of SOC (0-20 cm) in association with other soil properties and with spatial variables in the Moso bamboo forests of Jian’ou City, which is a typical bamboo hometown in China. 209 soil samples were collected from Moso bamboo stands and then analyzed for SOC, bulk density (BD), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and gravel content (GC) based on spatial distribution. The spatial variability of SOC was then examined using geostatistics. A Kriging map was produced through ordinary interpolation and required sample numbers were calculated by classical and Kriging methods. An aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis was also conducted. A semivariogram analysis indicated that ln(SOC) was best fitted with an exponential model and that it exhibited moderate spatial dependence, with a nugget/sill ratio of 0.462. SOC was significantly and linearly correlated with BD (<i>r</i> = −0.373**), pH (<i>r</i> = −0.429**), GC (<i>r</i> = −0.163*), CEC (<i>r</i> = 0.263**), and elevation (<i>r</i> = 0.192**). Moreover, the Kriging method requires fewer samples than the classical method given an expected standard error level as per a variance analysis. ABT analysis indicated that the physicochemical variables of soil affected SOC variation more significantly than spatial variables did, thus suggesting that the SOC in Moso bamboo forests can be strongly influenced by management practices. Thus, this study provides valuable information in relation to sampling strategy and insight into the potential of adjustments in agronomic measure, such as in fertilization for Moso bamboo production.</p></div

Spatial distribution of SOC (%) interpolated by ordinary Kriging for Moso bamboo stands in Jian’ou City, southern China

<p>Spatial distribution of SOC (%) interpolated by ordinary Kriging for Moso bamboo stands in Jian’ou City, southern China</p