Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p>. C. Helices+Strands: d1r85a_(322–355) and d4lipd_(213–262). D. Loops: d1qo8a1(43–59) and d1v88a_(74–98). The insert ranks are color-coded from the most recent inserts (red), through shades of green, to the first insert event relative to the domain family root (blue)

Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p>able region with nested inserts is shown in blue

Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p>e variable regions from the domains: d1nrfa_ (cyan), d1onha_ (pink), d1ei5a3 (lavender), and d1ci9a_ (light green). C. The variable region of domain d1ci9a. Inserts are color-coded according the insert rank

Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p

Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p> The variable region with nested inserts is shown in blue

Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insertions and the emergence of novel protein structure: a structure-based phylogenetic study of insertions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/444</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2007;8():444-444.</p><p>Published online 15 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2225427.</p><p></p>, and ~ represent the ancestral structural consensus. B. Detect insertion and nested insertion using the aligned character sequences of the ancestral structural consensus, which are grouped together according to evolutionary stages from to . In the aligned sequences, a site with 'A' denotes over 90% structures of all descendant domains have aligned residues at this site, otherwise the site is denoted as a gap '-'. var1, var2, and var3 are three insertion-containing regions determined with the aligned sequences, in which var2 is a variable region with nested inserts

Image_1_Anatomical Inputs From the Sensory and Value Structures to the Tail of the Rat Striatum.pdf

The caudal region of the rodent striatum, called the tail of the striatum (TS), is a relatively small area but might have a distinct function from other striatal subregions. Recent primate studies showed that this part of the striatum has a unique function in encoding long-term value memory of visual objects for habitual behavior. This function might be due to its specific connectivity. We identified inputs to the rat TS and compared those with inputs to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in the same animals. The TS directly received anatomical inputs from both sensory structures and value-coding regions, but the DMS did not. First, inputs from the sensory cortex and sensory thalamus to the TS were found; visual, auditory, somatosensory and gustatory cortex and thalamus projected to the TS but not to the DMS. Second, two value systems innervated the TS; dopamine and serotonin neurons in the lateral part of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and dorsal raphe nucleus projected to the TS, respectively. The DMS received inputs from the separate group of dopamine neurons in the medial part of the SNc. In addition, learning-related regions of the limbic system innervated the TS; the temporal areas and the basolateral amygdala selectively innervated the TS, but not the DMS. Our data showed that both sensory and value-processing structures innervated the TS, suggesting its plausible role in value-guided sensory-motor association for habitual behavior.</p

Uranyl Affinity between Uranyl Cation and Different Kinds of Monovalent Anions: Density Functional Theory and Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship Model

In order to design effective extractants for uranium extraction from seawater, it is imperative to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of the bonding properties between the uranyl cation (UO22+) and various ligands. Therefore, we employed density functional theory to investigate the complexation reactions of UO22+ with 29 different monovalent anions (L–1), exploring both mono- and bidentate coordination. We proposed a novel concept called “uranyl affinity” (Eua) to facilitate the establishment of a standardized scale for assessing the ease or difficulty of coordination bond formation between UO22+ and diverse ligands. Furthermore, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the underlying mechanisms involved. During the process of uranyl complex [(UO2L)+] formation, lone pair electrons from the coordinating atom in L– are transferred to either the lowest unoccupied molecular degenerate orbitals 1ϕu or 1δu of the uranyl ion, which originate from the uranium atom’s 5f unoccupied orbitals. In light of discussion concerning the mechanisms of coordination bond formation, quantitative structure–property relationship analyses were conducted to investigate the correlation between Eua and various structural descriptors associated with the 29 ligands under investigation. This analysis revealed distinct patterns in Eua values while identifying key influencing factors among the different ligands

Data_Sheet_1_Context-Dependent Roles for SIRT2 and SIRT3 in Tumor Development Upon Calorie Restriction or High Fat Diet.PDF

Calorie restriction (CR) is considered one of the most robust ways to extend life span and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, including cancer, as shown in many different organisms, whereas opposite effects have been associated with high fat diets (HFDs). Despite the proven contribution of sirtuins in mediating the effects of CR in longevity, the involvement of these nutrient sensors, specifically, in the diet-induced effects on tumorigenesis has yet to be elucidated. Previous studies focusing on SIRT1, do not support a critical role for this sirtuin family member in CR-mediated cancer prevention. However, the contribution of other family members which exhibit strong deacetylase activity is unexplored. To fill this gap, we aimed at investigating the role of SIRT2 and SIRT3 in mediating the anti and pro-tumorigenic effect of CR and HFD, respectively. Our results provide strong evidence supporting distinct, context-dependent roles played by these two family members. SIRT2 is indispensable for the protective effect of CR against tumorigenesis. On the contrary, SIRT3 exhibited oncogenic properties in the context of HFD-induced tumorigenesis, suggesting that SIRT3 inhibition may mitigate the cancer-promoting effects of HFD. Given the different functions regulated by SIRT2 and SIRT3, unraveling downstream targets/pathways involved may provide opportunities to develop new strategies for cancer prevention.</p

Mesoporous Chromia with Ordered Three-Dimensional Structures for the Complete Oxidation of Toluene and Ethyl Acetate

Mesoporous chromia with ordered three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal polycrystalline structures were fabricated at 130, 180, 240, 280, and 350 °C in an autoclave through a novel solvent-free route using KIT-6 as the hard template. The as-obtained materials were characterized (by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption−desorption, temperature-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques) and tested as a catalyst for the complete oxidation of toluene and ethyl acetate. We found that with a high surface area of 106 m2/g and being multivalent (Cr3+, Cr5+, and Cr6+), the chromia (meso-Cr-240) fabricated at 240 °C is the best among the five in catalytic performance. According to the results of the temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations, it is apparent that the coexistence of multiple chromium species promotes the low-temperature reducibility of chromia. The excellent performance of meso-Cr-240 is because of good 3D mesoporosity and low-temperature reducibility as well as the high surface area of the chromia. The combustion follows a first-order reaction with respect to toluene or ethyl acetate in the presence of excess oxygen, and the corresponding average activation energy is 79.8 and 51.9 kJ/mol, respectively, over the best-performing catalyst