Just-in-Time Kernel Learning with Adaptive Parameter Selection for Soft Sensor Modeling of Batch Processes

An efficient nonlinear just-in-time learning (JITL) soft sensor method for online modeling of batch processes with uneven operating durations is proposed. A recursive least-squares support vector regression (RLSSVR) approach is combined with the JITL manner to model the nonlinearity of batch processes. The similarity between the query sample and the most relevant samples, including the weight of similarity and the size of the relevant set, can be chosen using a presented cumulative similarity factor. Then, the kernel parameters of the developed JITL-RLSSVR model structure can be determined adaptively using an efficient cross-validation strategy with low computational load. The soft sensor implement algorithm for batch processes is also developed. Both the batch-to-batch similarity and variation characteristics are taken into consideration to make the modeling procedure more practical. The superiority of the proposed soft sensor approach is demonstrated by predicting the concentrations of the active biomass and recombinant protein in the streptokinase fed-batch fermentation process, compared with other existing JITL-based and global soft sensors

Preoperative characteristic of patients.

<p><b>IQR:</b> interquartile range; <b>ALT:</b> alanine aminotransferase; <b>AST:</b> aspartate aminotransferase;</p><p><b>HBsAg:</b> antigen of hepatitis B.</p><p>Preoperative characteristic of patients.</p

The main Types of complications.

<p>The main Types of complications.</p

The postoperative liver function data.

<p><b>TBIL:</b> total serum bilirubin; <b>ALT:</b> alanine aminotransferase; <b>AST:</b> aspartate aminotransferase;</p><p>The postoperative liver function data.</p

Hooking with ligation.

<p>A: The resection line was marked by electrocautery on the hepatic surface, B: The liver was dissected by rightangle forceps hooking the hepatic tissue; C, D, and E: Cannular structures were ligated and cut; F: Right-angle forceps hooked the hepatic tissue forward one by one.</p

Simple hemi-occlusion.

<p><b>A:</b> On the visceral envelope overlying the confluence, a small hole was made using a sharp blade; <b>B:</b> A right-angle forceps was inserted to gently mobilize the liver parenchyma outside Glisson’s sheath; <b>C:</b> The right-angle forceps should mobilize in the liver parenchyma towards the caudate lobe; <b>D:</b> A catheter was introduced.</p

Preoperative Characteristics of Patients who underwent Hepatectomy.

<p>^*P<0.05 compared with the normal-weight BMI group. BMI:body mass index; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: hepatitis B e antigen; SD: standard deviation; ULN, upper limit of normal. ALT,alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists category. IQR: interquartile range.</p

EXA-2017-1S-FUNDAMENTOS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES-1-2Par.docx

<p>Different litters indicate the statistical differences (p < 0.05).</p

High Colonization Possibility of Some Species of Weeds in <i>Suaeda salsa</i> Community: From an Ecological Stoichiometry Perspective

<div><p><i>Suaeda salsa</i> community is a vegetation type in saline-alkali areas. Weed invasion and colonization in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities lead to fragmentationsof <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities. The colonization of invaded weeds in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities is related to community succession of saline-alkali zones. The fragmented <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> community may be restored if the mechanism of invaded weed colonization in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities is clearly elucidated. Thus, we studied the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soils and plants in a salt marsh to explain the high colonization possibility of invaded weeds in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities. In October 2014, soils and plants were collected from Dongfeng Salt Marsh, Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, China. The ratio of Ex-N/Ex-P in soil was less than 13, which suggests a relative nitrogen limitation for the primary production in the zone. The minimum phosphorus content in plants was higher than 1 mg g^-1, whereas the maximum nitrogen content in plants was less than 13 mg g^-1. These results imply that phosphorus was abundant, whereas nitrogen was deficient in the area. The plants in the salt marsh may be limited by nitrogen. Given the relatively lower nitrogen contents in <i>Cyperus glomeratus</i>, <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>, and <i>Aster subulatus</i> than that in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i>, these three species exhibited higher competitiveness than S. salsa did when nitrogen was limited in primary production. These weed species may colonize highly in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization might be effective to maintain <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> community in Dongfeng Salt Marsh, whereas its effects on controlling weeds colonization in <i>S</i>. <i>salsa</i> communities need more studies to verify.</p></div

Ratio of N/P in plant in Dongfeng Salt Marsh.

<p>Different litters indicate the statistical differences (p < 0.05).</p