Consistency between significant SNPs for poplar leaf shape identified in the current and previous studies.

The distance of two close SNPs between two different studies is presented in brackets. (XLSX)</p

Summary of the significant SNPs associated with the leaf shape represented by the multiple trait dataset RD11.

Summary of the significant SNPs associated with the leaf shape represented by the multiple trait dataset RD11.</p

Relative difference between leaf measurements with the two software ImageJ and LeafShape.

(XLSX)</p

Analysis of variance for the leaf parameters of L, W, W1/3, W1/2, W2/3, and Area in the randomized complete block experiment derived from the F1 progeny of <i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>Populus simonii</i>.

(DOCX)</p

The annotation of candidate genes for the significant SNPs with the non-redundant protein database at NCBI and GO database.

(XLSX)</p

Correlation coefficients among the leaf traits of L, W, W31, W21, W32, A, and the ratio of L to W in the randomized complete block design derived from the F1 progeny of <i>Populus deltoides</i> × <i>Populus simonii</i>.

(DOCX)</p

Leaf shape variation among parents and progeny of <i>P</i>. <i>deltoides</i> × <i>P</i>. <i>simonii</i>.

Leaf shape variation among parents and progeny of P. deltoides × P. simonii.</p

Summary of significant SNPs associated to the ratio of the leaf length to the maximum width without genomic control.

(DOCX)</p

The raw data of leaf length, different widths and area from a randomized complete block design in <i>Populus</i>.

(XLSX)</p

Fig 5 -

Manhattan and quantile-quantile (QQ) plots of the association analyses for each univariate trait, L (A), W (B), W31 (C), W21 (D), W32 (E), and A (F), and the ratio of L to W (G) across the 19 chromosomes of the reference genome of P. trichocarpa. The left panel presents the Manhattan plots under genomic control, while the right panel shows the corresponding QQ plots before (blue) and after (green) genomic control. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold of 5.33, which is a base 10 logarithm of the p-value based on the Bonferroni correction at the 0.05 significance level.</p