63 research outputs found
DataSheet1_Biochar amendment of a metal contaminated soil partially immobilized Zn, Pb, and Cd and reduced ryegrass uptake.docx
Soil heavy metals (HM) contamination threatens soil and water quality, which significantly affects humans and animals. This study focuses on the competitive immobilization of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in soils from a contaminated site using ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a potting experiment amended with biochars. Increased rates of switchgrass- (SGB) and poultry litter-derived biochars (PLB) were applied before ryegrass cultivation. Soil HM phytoavailability and HM concentrations in plant shoots were determined. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the influence of several soil chemical attributes on the HM phytoavailability. The increased rates of both biochars reduced the Zn, Pb, and Cd availability (p MAX) was 169.2 ± 29.5 mg kg–1 for Zn with SGB, and 20 ± 7.4 (Pb) and 1.08 mg kg–1 (Cd) with PLB. The extended Langmuir model (EL) showed competitive HM immobilization since there was a decrease in the IMAX of Zn (∼90 ± 28 mg kg–1 from SGB) and Cd (∼0.70 ± 0.21 mg kg–1). Negative values of Pb and Cd immobilization at low rates of SGB indicated an increase in those HM availabilities and preferential immobilization for Zn. The reduced Zn and Pb uptake in ryegrass shoots ranged from 70% to 98% and were optimum at rates of 0.50% ± 0.00%–0.60% ± 0.06% for both biochars, and 1.6% ± 0.4% of SGB for Cd. The stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and partial least squares (PLS) revealed that pH and organic matter (OM) were the most responsible factors for reducing Zn bioavailability while OM was more impactful in decreasing Pb and Cd levels. This suggests that the preferential immobilization for Zn relies on its higher sensitivity to the pH increase. Also, the ubiquitous positive relationship among the metals studied shows that competitive immobilization is ceased at high rates of biochars application. Path analysis (PA) showed that pH and OM were the common contributors from both biochars to simultaneously affect Zn, Pb, and Cd availability regardless of the contrasting physicochemical properties of the two bioproducts. This work proved the potential of applying low rates of two contrasting feedstock-derived biochars to remediate the contaminants and safely grow ryegrass.</p
Contents of amino acids in glanded (Gd) cottonseed meal and their water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions, total protein isolate (PI) and water (PIw)- and alkali (PIa)-extracted protein isolates.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3).</p
Contents of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al, and B in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed and soy meal, and their water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions, total protein isolate (PI) and water (PIw)- and alkali (PIa)-extracted protein isolates.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3).</p
Contents (percent of dry matter) of acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed meals and their water insoluble (WIF) and soluble (WSF) fractions.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3).</p><p><sup>a</sup> Less than detected limit.</p><p>Contents (percent of dry matter) of acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed meals and their water insoluble (WIF) and soluble (WSF) fractions.</p
Contents (percent of protein) of essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential and non proteinous amino acids (NAAs), amino acids with polar side chains (AAsP), and amino acids with nonpolar side chains (AAsN) in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed and soy meals and their water insoluble (WIF) and soluble (WSF) fractions, total protein isolate (PI) and water(PIw)- and alkali (PIa)-extracted protein isolates.
<p>Data are presented in average (n = 2 or 3). Different letter after values in a column of the same type of meals indicate significantly difference at <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p>Contents (percent of protein) of essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential and non proteinous amino acids (NAAs), amino acids with polar side chains (AAsP), and amino acids with nonpolar side chains (AAsN) in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed and soy meals and their water insoluble (WIF) and soluble (WSF) fractions, total protein isolate (PI) and water(PIw)- and alkali (PIa)-extracted protein isolates.</p
Content (% of dry matter) of crude protein in cottonseed and soy meal and their products.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3) per total nitrogen (TN) and amino acid (AA) contents.</p><p><sup>a</sup> Not determined.</p><p><sup>b</sup> No PIw and PIa were prepared from glandless cottonseed and soy.</p><p>Content (% of dry matter) of crude protein in cottonseed and soy meal and their products.</p
Content of gossypol enantiomers in glanded cottonseed meal products.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3).</p><p>Content of gossypol enantiomers in glanded cottonseed meal products.</p
Selected carbohydrates in glanded (Gd) and glandless (Gl) cottonseed and soy meal, and their water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions, total protein isolate (PI) and water (PIw)- and alkali (PIa)-extracted protein isolates.
<p>Data are presented in average with standard error (n = 2 or 3).</p
Image_1_The gut microbiota from maintenance hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia influences muscle function in mice.jpeg
BackgroundSarcopenia is a common complication in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Growing evidence suggests a close relationship between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. However, research on gut microbiota in patients with sarcopenia undergoing MHD (MS) remains scarce. To bridge this knowledge gap, we aimed to evaluate the pathogenic influence of gut microbiota in the skeletal muscle of patients with MS, to clarify the causal association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle symptoms in patients with MS and identify the potential mechanisms underlying this causal association.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 10 patients with MS and 10 patients without MS (MNS). Bacteria were extracted from these samples for transplantation. Mice (n=42) were randomly divided into three groups and, after antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed once a day for 3 weeks. Skeletal muscle and fecal samples from the mice were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for histological, real-time PCR, and metabolomic analyses.ResultsMice colonized with gut microbiota from MS patients exhibited notable decreases in muscle function and muscle mass, compared with FMT from patients with MNS. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the colonization of MS gut microbiota reduced the abundance of Akkermansia in the mouse intestines. Metabolome analysis revealed that seven metabolic pathways were notably disrupted in mice transplanted with MS microbiota.ConclusionThis study established a connection between skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota of patients with MS, implying that disruption of the gut microbiota may be a driving factor in the development of skeletal muscle disorders in patients undergoing MHD. This finding lays the foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and potential treatment methods for sarcopenia in patients undergoing MHD.</p
Table_1_The gut microbiota from maintenance hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia influences muscle function in mice.xlsx
BackgroundSarcopenia is a common complication in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Growing evidence suggests a close relationship between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. However, research on gut microbiota in patients with sarcopenia undergoing MHD (MS) remains scarce. To bridge this knowledge gap, we aimed to evaluate the pathogenic influence of gut microbiota in the skeletal muscle of patients with MS, to clarify the causal association between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle symptoms in patients with MS and identify the potential mechanisms underlying this causal association.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 10 patients with MS and 10 patients without MS (MNS). Bacteria were extracted from these samples for transplantation. Mice (n=42) were randomly divided into three groups and, after antibiotic treatment, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed once a day for 3 weeks. Skeletal muscle and fecal samples from the mice were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for histological, real-time PCR, and metabolomic analyses.ResultsMice colonized with gut microbiota from MS patients exhibited notable decreases in muscle function and muscle mass, compared with FMT from patients with MNS. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the colonization of MS gut microbiota reduced the abundance of Akkermansia in the mouse intestines. Metabolome analysis revealed that seven metabolic pathways were notably disrupted in mice transplanted with MS microbiota.ConclusionThis study established a connection between skeletal muscle and the gut microbiota of patients with MS, implying that disruption of the gut microbiota may be a driving factor in the development of skeletal muscle disorders in patients undergoing MHD. This finding lays the foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and potential treatment methods for sarcopenia in patients undergoing MHD.</p
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