Image_1_Case report: Temozolomide induced hypermutation: an indicator associated with immunotherapy response in patient with gliomas.jpeg

BackgroundTemozolomide (TMZ) is a key component in the treatment of gliomas. Hypermutation induced by TMZ can be encountered in routine clinical practice, and its significance is progressively gaining recognition. However, the relationship between TMZ-induced hypermutation and the immunologic response remains controversial.Case presentationWe present the case of a 38-year-old male patient who underwent five surgeries for glioma. Initially diagnosed with IDH-mutant astrocytoma (WHO grade 2) during the first two surgeries, the disease progressed to grade 4 in subsequent interventions. Prior to the fourth surgery, the patient received 3 cycles of standard TMZ chemotherapy and 9 cycles of dose-dense TMZ regimens. Genomic and immunologic analyses of the tumor tissue obtained during the fourth surgery revealed a relatively favorable immune microenvironment, as indicated by an immunophenoscore of 5, suggesting potential benefits from immunotherapy. Consequently, the patient underwent low-dose irradiation combined with immunoadjuvant treatment. After completing 4 cycles of immunotherapy, the tumor significantly shrank, resulting in a partial response. However, after a 6-month duration of response, the patient experienced disease progression. Subsequent analysis of the tumor tissue obtained during the fifth surgery revealed the occurrence of hypermutation, with mutation signature analysis attributing TMZ treatment as the primary cause. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed shortly thereafter, with a survival period of 126 months.ConclusionPatients subjected to a prolonged regimen of TMZ treatment may exhibit heightened vulnerability to hypermutation. This hypermutation induced by TMZ holds the potential to function as an indicator associated with unfavorable response to immunotherapy in gliomas.</p

Table_1_Case report: Temozolomide induced hypermutation: an indicator associated with immunotherapy response in patient with gliomas.docx

BackgroundTemozolomide (TMZ) is a key component in the treatment of gliomas. Hypermutation induced by TMZ can be encountered in routine clinical practice, and its significance is progressively gaining recognition. However, the relationship between TMZ-induced hypermutation and the immunologic response remains controversial.Case presentationWe present the case of a 38-year-old male patient who underwent five surgeries for glioma. Initially diagnosed with IDH-mutant astrocytoma (WHO grade 2) during the first two surgeries, the disease progressed to grade 4 in subsequent interventions. Prior to the fourth surgery, the patient received 3 cycles of standard TMZ chemotherapy and 9 cycles of dose-dense TMZ regimens. Genomic and immunologic analyses of the tumor tissue obtained during the fourth surgery revealed a relatively favorable immune microenvironment, as indicated by an immunophenoscore of 5, suggesting potential benefits from immunotherapy. Consequently, the patient underwent low-dose irradiation combined with immunoadjuvant treatment. After completing 4 cycles of immunotherapy, the tumor significantly shrank, resulting in a partial response. However, after a 6-month duration of response, the patient experienced disease progression. Subsequent analysis of the tumor tissue obtained during the fifth surgery revealed the occurrence of hypermutation, with mutation signature analysis attributing TMZ treatment as the primary cause. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed shortly thereafter, with a survival period of 126 months.ConclusionPatients subjected to a prolonged regimen of TMZ treatment may exhibit heightened vulnerability to hypermutation. This hypermutation induced by TMZ holds the potential to function as an indicator associated with unfavorable response to immunotherapy in gliomas.</p

Thermal Cyclodebromination of Polybromopyrroles to Polymer with High Performance for Supercapacitor

A strategy has been designed for synthesizing a new type of polymer with hierarchical architecture and crystalline CN_<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> ≤ 0.25) domains through deep thermal cyclodebromination of polybromopyrroles. The crystalline CN_<i>x</i> domain is determined to be a curving sp²-hybridized CN_<i>x</i> network cross-linked by the sp³-hybridized N–C bond on the basis of sample characterization and theoretical calculations. N atoms in the CN_<i>x</i> network are confirmed to be negatively charged by theoretical calculations, facilitating electrosorption of electrolyte cations. The polymer obtained at the condensation temperature of 500 °C is featured with high tap density, a high degree of graphitization, and a microporous characteristic, exhibiting nearly stable volumetric capacitance (143 and 101 F cm^–3) and specific surface capacitance (1.94 and 1.37 mF cm^–2) when cycled in 1 mol L^–1 KCl at a current density of 1 and 0.5 A g^–1 for 2000 cycles with three- and two-electrode systems, respectively

Ultrasound-Assisted Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange with Fe₃O₄/Polyaniline in Near Neutral Solution

An ultrasound-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP) has been demonstrated for sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) with Fe₃O₄/polyaniline (Fe₃O₄/PANI) microspheres in near neutral solution (pH ∼6). The Fe₃O₄/PANI microspheres were characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, and ζ-potential measurements, and were further tested in the role of adsorption and sonocatalytic decolorization of MO in solution. The isotherms and kinetics of MO adsorption with Fe₃O₄/PANI follow the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The kinetics of sonocatalytic decolorization of MO with Fe₃O₄/PANI conforms to a combinational model involving the pseudo-second-order adsorption model and the pseudo-first-order degradation model, since Fe₃O₄/PANI has a high capacity to adsorb MO in solution. The percentage of room-temperature sonocatalytic degradation of MO with Fe₃O₄/PANI is about 4.8, 8.8, and 5.7 times that with Fe₃O₄, dedoped Fe₃O₄/PANI, and ultrasonication alone, respectively. The eco-friendly Fe₃O₄/PANI featured with superparamagnetism and excellent reusability offers a promising sonocatalyst for rapid decolorization and enhanced degradation of azo dyes in effluents