DataSheet_1_Yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to fertilizer application in China: A meta-analysis.docx

IntroductionIn China, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) often grows in marginal land with poor soil fertility and suboptimal climate conditions. Alfalfa production cannot meet demands both in yield and quality. It is necessary to apply fertilizers to achieve high yields and produce high-quality alfalfa in China. However, there is no understanding on the impact of fertilizer application on alfalfa production and the possible optimal application rates across China.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis to explore the contribution of fertilizer application to the yield and quality of alfalfa based on a dataset from 86 studies published between 2004 and 2022.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that fertilizer application not only increased alfalfa yield by 19.2% but also improved alfalfa quality by increasing crude protein (CP) by 7.7% and decreasing acid detergent fibre by 2.9% and neutral detergent fibre by 1.8% overall compared to the non-fertilizer control levels. The combined nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and combined NP fertilizer applications achieved the greatest yield and CP concentration increases of 27.0% and 13.5%, respectively. Considering both yield and quality, the optimal rate of fertilizer application ranged from 30 to 60 kg ha-1 for N, 120 to 150 kg ha-1 for P and less than 120 kg ha-1 for K. Meta-analysis further showed that the effect of fertilizer application on yield was greater in low soil organic matter (SOM) soils than in high SOM soils. In conclusion, fertilizer application is an effective strategy to improve the yield and quality of alfalfa in China, especially that grown in low SOM soils. This study is helpful for optimizing fertilization schedules of alfalfa in China.</p

Cumulative biomass production.

<p>A, B: total plant biomass of wheat, and faba bean; C, D: shoot biomass of wheat, and faba bean; E, F: root biomass of wheat, and faba bean. iso: isolated plants; mono: monocropped plants; inter: intercropped plants. Open and solid circles, open triangles indicate the mean of actual data at each sampling. All values represent means±SE (n = 3). Curves are derived from the logistic equation using the mean of three replicates.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Growth of Stipa breviflora does not respond to nitrogen addition because of its conservative nitrogen utilization.docx

Enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is threating species diversity in the desert steppe ecoregions. Needlegrass (Stipa breviflora) is the dominant specie in the desert steppe grasslands of China and southern Mongolia, and the response of S. brevifolia to N deposition is not well known. In this study, we conducted an experiment to determine the growth and N uptake of S. breviflora in response to several N addition rates. The results showed that N addition did not change plant growth, emergence rate, plant height, or biomass of S. breviflora, even at a N addition rate of 50 kg N ha−1 yr.−1 with sufficient soil moisture during a 120-day growth period. The absence of a N effect was due to the fact that N uptake in S. breviflora was not improved by N addition. These results indicated that S. breviflora is very conservative with respect to N utilization, which could possibly help it resist enhanced atmospheric N deposition. Moreover, conservative N utilization also enables S. breviflora to survive in N-limiting soils.</p

Rhophilin rho GTPase binding protein 1-antisense RNA 1 (RHPN1-AS1) promotes ovarian carcinogenesis by sponging microRNA-485-5p and releasing DNA topoisomerase II alpha (<i>TOP2A</i>)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common and lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in the biological processes of OC. We sought to evaluate the effect of the RHPN1-AS1-miR-485-5p-DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) axis in regulating OC progression. RHPN1-AS1, miR-485-5p, and TOP2A levels in OC tissues and cells were determined by RT-qPCR. The interaction of RHPN1-AS1/miR-485-5p/TOP2A was assessed using luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. RHPN1-AS1 silencing allowed us to explore its biological function by measuring cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in OC cells. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the in vitro findings. We found that the RHPN1-AS1 and TOP2A levels were significantly enhanced, whereas the miR-485-5p levels were reduced in OC tissues and cells. RHPN1-AS1 silencing attenuated cell growth, facilitated apoptosis in OC cells, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Notably, RHPN1-AS1 negatively regulating miR-485-5p promoted the TOP2A expression in OC cells. In conclusion, RHPN1-AS1 sponging miR-485-5p accelerated the progression of OC by elevating TOP2A expression, which makes it a promising target for the treatment of OC patients.</p

Trajectories of biomass production and nitrogen (N) uptake of total (A, B), shoot (C, D) and root (E, F) by isolated (iso: open circles and dashed line), monocropped (mono: open triangles and dashed curve), intercropped (inter: solid symbols and continuous line) wheat and according faba bean.

<p>Data was derived from the logistic equation using the mean of actual data at each sampling. Numbers near the curves represent the samplings time (day). The dashed line shows the 1∶1 relationships between faba bean and wheat.</p

Selected characteristics of the animal manures used in this study.

<p><b>Note:</b></p>†<p>pH was determined on a 10:1 water (mL) to dry matter ratio (g).</p>‡<p>Total elements in three animal manures determined by microwave digestion in concentrated HNO₃ and H₂O₂ and detection by ICP-OES</p>§<p>Total nitrogen and carbon in three animal manures determined by Vario MACRO CN.</p

Instantaneous rate of biomass production (A, C, E), and instantaneous rate of nitrogen (N) uptake (B, D, F).

<p>A, B: total rate of biomass production and N uptake by wheat and faba bean of different planting systems. C, D: shoot growth rate and instantaneous per capita N uptake by shoot of wheat and faba bean. E, F: root growth rate and instantaneous per capita N uptake by root of wheat and faba bean. iso w: isolated wheat; mono w: monocropped wheat; iso f: isolated faba bean; inter w: intercropped wheat; inter f: intercropped faba bean.</p

Functional classes of phosphorus compounds in a second extraction with a solution containing 0.5 <i>M</i> NaOH and 50 m<i>M</i> EDTA in the revised fractionation procedures detected by ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (-0.31 to 6 represent the chemical shift, ppm; percentage of P forms of total P in parentheses).

<p><b>Note:</b></p><p>ND: not detected.</p><p>-0.31-6: the chemical shift, ppm; percentage of P forms of total P in parentheses.</p

The concentration of phosphorus compounds in sequential extracts of animal manures from the modified Hedley fraction procedure determined by Murphy-Riley (1962).

<p><b>Note:</b></p>†<p>H₂O-P_i and H₂O-P_o are water-extractable inorganic and organic phosphorus; NaHCO₃-P_i and NaHCO₃-P_o are NaHCO₃-extractable inorganic and organic phosphorus; NaOH-P_i and NaOH-P_o are NaOH-extractable inorganic and organic phosphorus; HCl-P_i and HCl-P_o are HCl-extractable inorganic and organic phosphorus.</p>‡<p>Inorganic phosphorus (P_i) in each extract was determined by Murphy-Riley (1962). Organic phosphorus (P_o) in each extract was calculated as the difference between P_t and P_i. Values in parenthesis are the percentage of total manure phosphorus in each extract.</p>¶<p>Residual P was determined using H₂SO₄-H₂O₂ digestion of the residual.</p

Solution ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of sequential extracts of dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter involving extraction in 0.5 <i>M</i> NaHCO₃ and a solution of 0.5 <i>M</i> NaOH and 50 m<i>M</i> EDTA.

<p>The main spectra were scaled to the full height of the phosphate signal at approximately 6.0-6 to 9 ppm.</p