The Qur’anic Idea of Peace

Peace is a chief social value, which the Qur’an appreciates, along with social justice, and submission to God and worshiping Him. War is initially an implausible situation, which should be invoked only when necessary. Hence, the rule is peace, and war is the exception. Using Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai’s methodology in the interpretation of the Qur'an and his Qur’anic views regarding war and peace, this paper will attempt to show that the Qur’anic picture of war and peace is different from what is commonly supposed by non-Muslims. This paper will argue that since disagreement on the truth of religion is inevitable and perpetual; since imposition of religion is inconceivable; since the faithful have no responsibility for disbelievers’ choice except clearly delivering God’s Messages to them, and since the faithful are obliged to offer absolute respect to their disputants on the truth of religion, the reasonable way of managing disputes on religion is peaceful interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims. It will be further argued that in addition to the moral principle of peace, there is another ground on the basis of which Muslims are advised to establish peaceful relations with non-Muslims; that is, through making peace contracts. In this way, the principle of peace is reinforced by the duty of respecting peace contracts

Imam Ali and Citizens' Rights

There is controversy as to whether or not the subjective sense of right (in the sense of a privilege claimable against an assignable person or persons) is found in the ancient time. It is definite, however, that in the 17th century Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Samuel Pufendorf (1632-1694), and John Locke (1632-1704) made explicit attempts at conceptualising rights. The main claim of this paper is that Imam Ali (599-661), the most revered religious scholar among Shiite Muslims, made the first explicit attempt to conceptualise rights in the history of political thought. I would present Imam Ali’s political theory as a variant of ‘welfare limited guardianship’, which embodies several innovations made by him in the history of political ideas. The concept of welfare state, as well as the concept of publicly confirmed guardianship, registers Imam Ali as a definite original political thinker in history. Further, his concept of citizens’ rights that guarantees his view of limited government should be received as another innovation in the history of political thought. Unfortunately, however, the influence of his original political theory had to wait until Nā’īnī (1861-1936), the political theorist of the ‘Iranian Constitutionalist Revolution’ (1905-1911), developed Imam Ali’s political theory with a flavour of modernity

'The Need for a Concept of Justice, An Overview of Different Perspectives in Political Philosophy'

Describes various views on the need for a concept of justice to arrange social relationships in political philosophy

Analisis Kerusakan Proses Plating Part Fork Pipe

Nickel hard chrome plating merupakan teknik pelapisan dengan menggunakan dua jenis pelapisan yaitu nickel plating dan hard chrome plating. Teknik pelapisan ini akan menghasilkan daya tahan terhadapat karat ataupun keausan yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme cacat pada permukaan fork pipe serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi timbulnya cacat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 sampel fork pipe yang mengalami cacat pada saat proses nickel hard chrome plating. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan pengujian SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) dan EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy). SEM digunakan untuk mengetahui bentuk dari cacat dan pengotor yang ada, sedangkan EDS untuk mengetahui kandungan apa yang menjadi penyebab timbulnya cacat. Hasil penelitian menggunakan SEM dan EDS menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat macam penyebab timbulnya cacat yaitu pengotor nikel, pengotor ferro, pengotor krom, dan base metal itu sendiri. Dari keseluruhan hasil, kemungkinan besar untuk pengotor ferro dan krom terdapat dalam lapisan semi bright nickel. Bentuk cacat yang dihasilkan dari masing masing pengotor terdapat kecenderugan dan memiliki range ukuran tertent

Penciptaan Buku Fotografi Esai Pluralisme Agama di Bali sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat dalam Toleransi

Tolerance in etymology means a allow the attitude of mutual respect and beliefs of others without requiring approval. The cultural diversity of Indonesia has many and various religions in Indonesia and tolerance is needed to make Indonesia as a country with strong. The number of cases of intolerance that occurred in Indonesia should be the subject of tolerance that can be a very valuable to the nation. Indonesia, as a country that had enough of a difference, from the racial diversities, the key, and language. Bali being one example of regions in Indonesia that presents diverse culture. Tolerance that occurs in Bali so strong that deserve to be used as an example for Indonesian. Therefore, it is a book about what the media tolerance in fact, it can increase the society awareness in bertoleransi. The study is done with a qualitative studies by taking the interview observation, documentation and literature to obtain the data is done as a supporter of the concept of design. Book served is shaped photographic book essay so that people can see clearly through some of the pictures that will be displayed

Pengukuran Performansi Sistem Produksi Menggunakan Overall Throughput Effectiveness (Ote) (Studi Kasus: PT. Tani Gemilang Desa Kerjen Kecamatan Srengat Kabupaten Blitar)

Metode OTE digunakan untuk mengukur efektivitas sistem produksi yang terdiri dari beberapa mesin. PT. Tani Gemilang merupakan Perusahaan yang memproduksi pupuk organik berbentuk granul dengan nama Petroganik. Proses produski pupuk melalui empat tahapan proses permesinan yang berurutan yaitu pencampuran, granulasi, pengeringan, dan pengayakan. Pada proses produksi sering dijumpai masalah berupa tingginya downtime mesin. Permasalahan lain yang ada pada PT. Tani Gemilang adalah tingginya produk defect. Perusahaan ingin meningkatkan performansi sistem produksinya, namun pada Perusahaan belum ada pengukuran performansi sistem produksi pada tingkat pabrik. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pengukuran untuk mengetahui efektivitas sistem produksi serta meningkatkannya. Untuk mengukur efektivitas sistem produksi digunakan metode Overall Throughput Effectiveness (OTE) dan penjadwalan perbaikan mesin secara preventif (Preventive Maintenance) untuk dapat meningkatkan efektivitasnya. Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh rata-rata nilai OTE pada bulan Juni-Agustus tahun 2014 adalah 32,7% Komponen kritis yang dijadwalkan perbaikan preventifnya adalah fins dan blade. Hasil perhitungan MTTF dan MTTR menggunakan persamaan distribusi weibull dan distribusi Normal, diperoleh interval penggantian komponen yaitu 1079,071 jam untuk fins dan 1056,884 jam untuk blade. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah pembuatan jadwal preventive maintenance berdasarkan interval waktu penggantian komponen kritis sehingga estimasi efektivitas akan meningkat menjadi 46,1%

mEAK-7 Forms an Alternative mTOR Complex with DNA-PKcs in Human Cancer.

MTOR associated protein, eak-7 homolog (mEAK-7), activates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in human cells through an alternative mTOR complex to regulate S6K2 and 4E-BP1. However, the role of mEAK-7 in human cancer has not yet been identified. We demonstrate that mEAK-7 and mTOR signaling are strongly elevated in tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma compared with those of patients with normal lung or lymph tissue. Cancer stem cells, CD44+/CD90+ cells, yield elevated mEAK-7 and activated mTOR signaling. mEAK-7 is required for clonogenic potential and spheroid formation. mEAK-7 associates with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit isoform 1 (DNA-PKcs), and this interaction is increased in response to X-ray irradiation to regulate S6K2 signaling. DNA-PKcs pharmacologic inhibition or genetic knockout reduced S6K2, mEAK-7, and mTOR binding with DNA-PKcs, resulting in loss of S6K2 activity and mTOR signaling. Therefore, mEAK-7 forms an alternative mTOR complex with DNA-PKcs to regulate S6K2 in human cancer cells

Performance of upstream interaction region detectors for the FIRST experiment at GSI

The FIRST (Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy) experiment at GSI has been designed to study carbon fragmentation, measuring 12C double differential cross sections (∂2σ/ ∂θ∂E) for different beam energies between 100 and 1000 MeV/u. The experimental setup integrates newly designed detectors in the, so called, Interaction Region around the graphite target. The Interaction Region upstream detectors are a 250 μm thick scintillator and a drift chamber optimized for a precise measurement of the ions interaction time and position on the target. In this article we review the design of the upstream detectors along with the preliminary results of the data taking performed on August 2011 with 400 MeV/u fully stripped carbon ion beam at GSI. Detectors performances will be reviewed and compared to those obtained during preliminary tests, performed with 500 MeV electrons (at the BTF facility in the INFN Frascati Laboratories) and 80 MeV/u protons and carbon ions (at the INFN LNS Laboratories in Catania)

Performance of the reconstruction algorithms of the FIRST experiment pixel sensors vertex detector

Hadrontherapy treatments use charged particles (e.g. protons and carbon ions) to treat tumors. During a therapeutic treatment with carbon ions, the beam undergoes nuclear fragmentation processes giving rise to significant yields of secondary charged particles. An accurate prediction of these production rates is necessary to estimate precisely the dose deposited into the tumours and the surrounding healthy tissues. Nowadays, a limited set of double differential carbon fragmentation cross-section is available. Experimental data are necessary to benchmark Monte Carlo simulations for their use in hadrontherapy. The purpose of the FIRST experiment is to study nuclear fragmentation processes of ions with kinetic energy in the range from 100 to 1000 MeV/u. Tracks are reconstructed using information from a pixel silicon detector based on the CMOS technology. The performances achieved using this device for hadrontherapy purpose are discussed. For each reconstruction step (clustering, tracking and vertexing), different methods are implemented. The algorithm performances and the accuracy on reconstructed observables are evaluated on the basis of simulated and experimental data